TUSHUNISH - ORGANISHNING BOSH MEZONI (BASED ON S. AYNIYNING'S "OLD SCHOOL" STORY)
Ключевые слова:
forms of education, Russian-native schools, madrasa, upbringing, usuli savtiya (sound method), usuli maddiya (elongation method), usuli hijoiya (syllabic/alphabetical method), abjad.Аннотация
This article reveals the teaching methods used in schools during the Jadid period, particularly the 'usuli savtiya' (sound method) based on perception and understanding, using Sadriddin Ayni's work "The Old School" as a foundation. The article also provides analytical reflections on Sadriddin Ayni's activities, childhood, and educational process. It highlights, based on evidence, the existence of primary schools (maktabs) and madrasas providing secondary and higher religious education in the Turkestan region in the mid-19th century. It notes that most village schools were the simplest primary schools offering religious education, taught by imams and mullahs from mosques, and that Ayni himself received education in such a school. The article presents the idea that teaching methods, both historical and contemporary, should be based on understanding, as this fosters the development of independent and critical thinking skills in students.
