QIYOSIY TAHLILDA TIPOLOGIYA VA TA’SIR FENOMENI

Аннотация

In the era of globalization, literary studies have entered a new paradigm, where national literatures are no longer viewed as isolated phenomena but as integral components of a universal cultural dialogue. Comparative literature (comparativistics) has thus emerged as a key methodological framework aimed at analyzing the interrelationships, typological similarities, and functional dynamics among different literary traditions. This field investigates both genetic connections based on direct literary influence and typological parallels formed independently within diverse cultural contexts as a result of shared historical, social, and intellectual developments. Theoretical contributions by scholars such as Dionýz Ďurišin, Alexandru Dima, and V. Zhirmunskiy have provided a conceptual foundation for the classification of literary interactions, distinguishing between direct influence, typological similarity, and the manifestation of national identity. Additionally, methodological approaches such as synchronic (horizontal) and diachronic (vertical) analysis, as proposed by I. Neupokoyeva, allow for the systematic examination of literary phenomena across temporal and spatial dimensions. In the context of global literary space, literature functions simultaneously as a marker of national identity and a medium of transnational cultural communication. The increasing relevance of typological studies in modern comparative literature is linked to the growing interconnectedness of nations, the transformation of aesthetic paradigms, and the emergence of universal artistic tendencies. Consequently, comparative literary research enables a holistic understanding of world literature as a unified yet diverse system, revealing the dialectical relationship between national specificity and universal human values.