TRANSLATION STUDIES: TRADITIONAL AND MODERN APPROACHES

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive overview of translation studies as an evolving discipline that bridges linguistic, cultural, and technological paradigms. It traces the development of translation theory from traditional, text-centered models to contemporary, interdisciplinary frameworks that integrate linguistics, culture, cognition, and digital technology. The discussion highlights how translation has evolved from a mechanical linguistic activity to a complex intellectual process involving interpretation, creativity, and intercultural negotiation. The paper also explores how modern technological innovations–such as machine translation, corpus linguistics, and digital tools–are reshaping translation practice and pedagogy.