Conferences

THE ARTISTIC POWER OF ALISHER NAVAI'S RUBAI AND QUOTES AND EFFECTIVE METHODS OF TEACHING THEM

2025-08-01T11:44:06+05:00

This article analyzes the artistic and aesthetic qualities of Alisher Navoi’s rubai and qit’as, which constitute a significant part of his literary heritage, as well as effective methodological approaches to teaching these forms in literature classes. The study highlights the deep philosophical meanings and moral ideas conveyed through these short poetic genres, along with their refined poetic expression. It also explores interactive methods, analytical strategies, and educational potentials that can be employed by literature teachers to make Navoi’s legacy more accessible and impactful for students. The findings demonstrate how these works can be used to enrich learners’ spiritual and intellectual development

RICH CUISINE OF WESTERN AZERBAIJAN REGION

2025-08-06T08:49:20+05:00

Western Azerbaijani cuisine is a rich culinary heritage that was formed in historical regions such as the Iravan Khanate, Goycha, Zangezur and Daralayaz, reflecting the lifestyle, traditions and culture of the people. This cuisine is characterized by the use of mainly natural products, meat and milk-based dishes, abundant vegetables and spices, and dishes made from tandoor, sazh and ocaj. Dishes such as govurma, hashil, chigyrtma, kelajosh, arishte, sebzi, dolma, shirinch, Irevan keta, kombej and dash kufte are well-known examples of this cuisine. Special table customs, ceremonial dishes and pickles made from plants also distinguish this cuisine. Western Azerbaijanis, giving importance to healthy and natural nutrition, used garden and melon products without wasting them. Plants native to the region such as chashir and kirkhbugum were used both in dishes and for healing purposes. Preservation of dishes belonging to the cuisine and their transmission to future generations is still a relevant issue today. At the same time, it is emphasized that Armenians have adopted dishes belonging to Western Azerbaijan and Karabakh cuisine and introduced them to the world under their own names. Therefore, the correct introduction of our national culinary heritage is of particular importance.

AZERBAIJAN MUGHAM

2025-08-06T10:53:05+05:00

Mugham is not just a simple piece of music or sound composed by a composer. Mugham is a unique tool that appeals to the human soul and can have various effects on its psychology. It is not only a musical genre, but also an example of a rich artistic heritage that reflects our ancient history, soul, and emotions. Unlike other musical genres in the world, mugham has played an important role in the formation of the national and cultural heritage of many peoples and its preservation to the present day. This article will provide general information about mugham. What is mugham, how did it originate and what features does it have - all this will be clarified. At the same time, the place of mugham in the people's memory as an artistic heritage and its preservation today will be touched upon

THE PROBLEM OF THE IDENTIFICATION OF WORD MEANINGS IN THE LEARNING OF UZBEK LANGUAGE BY FOREIGNERS

2025-08-06T12:29:37+05:00

Each stage of the continuous education system and educational fields aimed at educating the youth of our nation to be perfect individuals in all respects and possessing real intellectual potential are assigned certain educational goals and tasks. All conditions have been created for teaching the Uzbek language in schools where education is conducted in other languages or by foreigners. Uzbek language learners learn to read, write, communicate and express their thoughts. Of course, in order to read and learn the Uzbek language, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of the ability to understand the meaning of words, master the content of words in various communicative situations, and use them competently

ON SOME LIMITING FACTORS IN THE UNIFICATION OF MORPHEMES OF TURKISH LANGUAGES

2025-08-06T14:38:23+05:00

Within the framework of morphological units, there are factors that both facilitate and restrict the combination of morphemes. Both types of factors should ultimately provide insights into the regularities of morpheme combination in derived words. This article discusses certain restrictive factors in this regard

VARIATION PROBLEMS AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONS IN CONTEMPORARY TURKISH LANGUAGES

2025-08-06T16:15:41+05:00

This article explores the issues of variability observed in modern Turkic languages. The concept of variability is considered one of the key phenomena in linguistics, and its phonetic, lexical, morphological, and syntactic levels are analyzed.

USING THE THEORY OF CONSPIROLOGY IN TEACHING HISTORICAL NOVELS

2025-08-06T17:27:55+05:00

Analyzing the theories studied in psychology and sociology from the point of view of fiction serves to further understand the essence of existing problems. One of such theories is conspirology. This article provides detailed information about the theory of conspirology, and its artistic interpretation is illustrated through examples. It is known that conspirological plots occupy a key place, especially in historical novels. The article analyzes these works and reveals their importance in education and upbringing. Historical novels reflect the socio-political problems of their time and help students think critically. The study presents a conspirological analysis of the works of Odil Yakubov, Pirimkul Kadirov, and A.S. Pushkin and their role in the development of human worldview. The opinions of foreign scholars on the current manifestations of conspiracies are also cited.

USE OF COLORS IN POLITICAL AND SOCIAL EVENTS

2025-08-07T10:52:55+05:00

Colors are conceptual fields examined from different perspectives within the scientific world, serving as subjects of study from the viewpoint of disciplines such as medicine, physics, psychology, architecture, and linguistics. Throughout human history, colors have not merely been regarded as visual objects; they have functioned as significant communication tools carrying deep meanings and symbols. While the treatment and evaluations of colors in the positive sciences are generally consistent, their approach and interpretation in different countries and communities often vary. This divergence is primarily related to the history, folklore, and culture of these societies. Consequently, colors serve as carriers of cultural codes. Colors, which are assigned different meanings in every culture, also emerge as powerful forms of expression in social and political events. This article will examine a lesser-known aspect of colors: their impact on social movements, political ideologies, and cultural identities. The study concludes that colors are not merely aesthetic elements but also powerful symbolic tools that shape social and political dynamics and convey significant messages. The scope of the paper is limited to significant political and social events from history to the present day. As a methodology, written and visual materials concerning important demonstrations and events were evaluated. It is believed that this study will contribute to the fields of color semiotics and culturally-focused color studies

THE CONCEPT OF LEXICAL IN UZBEKISTAN LINGUISTICS

2025-08-07T18:37:15+05:00

the article discusses the views of Uzbek linguists on lexicology and lexicon, as well as the different approaches to dividing them into components. It also presents various perspectives on the concept of lexicon within traditional and systemic lexicology in Uzbek linguistics, along with their comparative analysis. The article includes an overview of the branches of lexicology and the characteristics by which words are studied. Scientifically grounded views on the types of vocabulary in the Uzbek language based on their sphere of usage, and the units that can be classified under them, are also presented

THE SECRET OF THE VOCABULARY OF THE MOTHER LANGUAGE

2025-08-08T09:04:32+05:00

This article discusses the methodological approaches to teaching archaic words through Kazakh proverbs and sayings for 6th-grade students. Proverbs serve as a vital tool for understanding historical language in a cultural context. The study proposes teaching methods aligned with the cognitive characteristics of middle school students and evaluates the impact of interactive approaches on vocabulary expansion and cultural awareness.
This article explores the methods of teaching obsolete words through Kazakh proverbs and sayings. The study also presents theoretical insights aimed at revealing the linguistic significance of archaisms.

COMMON WORDS IN ANCIENT STONE INSCRIPTIONS

2025-08-08T11:16:46+05:00

The article examines the significance of the Orkhon-Yenisei petroglyphs, which have not lost their relevance today and find their place in both scientific and political circles of Turkic-speaking peoples. Although the study of these written monuments began in the 19th century, their value is growing every day. The article provides brief information about the phonetics, vocabulary and grammar of ancient written monuments in comparison with some Turkic languages. It also discusses the disputes about which group of Turkic languages these inscriptions belong to, based on the texts on the monuments.
It should be noted that the greatest merit of our ancestors is that they also played an important role in the formation of the phonological form of writing, which was very valuable for humanity.
This short article also discusses the great steps taken by the ancient Turkic peoples in the historical development of their language, literature, and writing. Along with this, in recent decades, the works of Turkic-speaking scholars B.M. Yunusaliev, N. Orkhun, G. Aidarov, and S. Sydykov have contributed to the study of ancient inscriptions.

ANALYSIS OF LEARNING TASKS THAT IMPROVE READING LITERACY IN MOTHER LANGUAGE EDUCATION

2025-08-05T14:22:32+05:00

This article provides some general information about the skill of reading comprehension, and an analysis of exercises that improve this skill in the 6th grade native language textbook created on the basis of the National Curriculum. Also, as a suggestion, you can see an analysis of new tasks created within the framework of the speech topic in the textbook.

EXISTENTIALISM IN THE WORKS OF JORGE LUIS BORGES

2025-08-06T09:14:17+05:00

Existentialism (Latin - living, existence), philosophy of existence - a stream in philosophy. It appeared in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, in Germany after the First World War, in France during the Second World War, and in other countries after the war. The article discusses the influence of this philosophical direction on the work of the famous writer Jorge Luis Borges.

ARTISTIC AND AESTHETIC FEATURES OF UZBEKISTAN POETRY OF THE 90 YEARS

2025-08-06T11:41:37+05:00

The article covers the development of Uzbek poetry in the 1990s, its literary and aesthetic features, poetic style, image system, and the harmony of language and content. The ideological rise of this poetry and its role in expressing the national spirit are analyzed using the examples of the works of Erkin Vohidov, Rauf Parfi, and Muhammad Yusuf. Along with the literary and theoretical foundations, the article also shows the changes in modern poetic thinking.
Uzbek poetry in the 1990s was an important period - part of the new literary stage that was formed after independence. This article analyzes the artistic and aesthetic features, stylistic innovations, substantive changes, and main activities of Uzbek poetry in the 1990s. The themes of national pride, freedom, humanism, and spiritual renewal take center stage in the poetry of the new era. The article is intended for a scientific journal

LEVEL TESTS IN MOTHER LANGUAGE EDUCATION

2025-08-06T13:46:28+05:00

This article presents the methods and types of tests used in native language education, the principles of test design, 4 types of level tests and examples. Today, testing is one of the most actively used methods at almost every stage of the education system. While tests used in general secondary schools and higher education institutions allow you to assess the knowledge of the test taker, determine his knowledge and skills in a certain field of study, tests for entrance exams to higher education institutions also perform a selection function. The test is also designed based on certain laws, rules, principles, and tests that are consistent, logically correct, and clearly explain the content of the questions do not cause objections from the user. The article discusses the aspects that should be paid attention to in the process of test design, the principles of test design, and some errors encountered in the process of test design and methods for eliminating them.

WAYS TO UNDERSTAND THE ARTISTIC CONTENT OF A LITERARY WORK

2025-08-06T15:12:23+05:00

This article examines methodological strategies for developing studentsʼ literary-analytical competencies and life skills in literary education through a lateral-creative approach, in alignment with emerging socio-cultural demands. It discusses instances of literary analysis that reflect studentsʼ mental imagery, the formation of idealized constructs, psychological experiences, and the integration of imaginative goals into symbolic characters. The article also outlines the distinctive features and stages of fostering lateral thinking. Additionally, it offers practical recommendations for applying lateral-creative questions and tasks in the context of literary instruction

THE PORTRAIT OF AN ACTIVE WOMAN IN UZBEKISTAN CLASSICAL LITERATURE

2025-08-06T16:45:06+05:00

In the oral poetry of the Uzbek people, we can find the image of an active woman in dozens of epics of the Uzbek people, such as "Alpomish", "Gorogli", "Takhir va Zuhra", "Kuntugmish". In these sagas, the image of women occupies a large place. In classic literature, we can see the richness of the issue of socially active women with the works of great word artists such as Khorezmi, Sayqali, Sayyad, Lutfii and Navoi, Babir and Muhammad Salih, Turdi and Mashrab, Nadira and Uvaisi, Munis and Ogahi. In particular, we can see the achievements of Navoi's heroes in state management, active in social life, learning, and profession, and through this, they are no less than others. In Navoi's works and epics, a woman's activity, enlightenment, hard work for the well-being of the people, talent and talent are embodied in artistic images. In Uzbek folk oral poetry and classical literature, it is analyzed that social female figures are in tune with today's times in matters such as the education of the people's children and the acquisition of professions

NEWLY DISCOVERED BURSA MANUSCRIPT OF "THE BOOK OF DADA KORKUT"

2025-08-07T09:44:18+05:00

The Book of Dada Korkut (=DKK) is a work written in the style of a poem in Old Anatolian Turkish, and three copies have survived from the 16th century. Until now, we only knew the Dresden and Vatican copies of the work. Later, a little-known copy of this copy was found in the Turkish Historical Society in Ankara, which records the genealogy and introduction of the Oghuz, and this copy is not very complete. Including the Bursa copy, we now have four copies.
The topic of our article will be the newly discovered copy of the Book of Dada Korkut in Bursa. The Bursa copy was found in February 2022. A facsimile of the Bursa copy was first seen on July 7, 2023, at an introductory meeting organized by the Bursa governorate. The linguistic features of the Bursa copy are much more developed than other copies. This will help us understand how the linguistic features of the text were formed in the following centuries. The discovery of the Bursa copy of the "Book of Dada Korkut" has necessitated a review of the numerous readings, interpretations, corrections, and interpretations made by researchers. Here we will focus on some spelling, word, and sentence differences

CREATING LEARNING ASSIGNMENTS USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR MOTHER LANGUAGE LESSONS

2025-08-07T17:55:56+05:00

This article examines the integration of digital technologies in the creation of interactive learning materials for heritage language classes. It presents a process that emphasizes student engagement and personalized learning, encouraging learners to enhance language acquisition through tools such as multimedia presentations, educational applications and virtual learning environments. The research is based on constructivist learning theories and provides a basis for students to learn together in an active and attentive way in a technology-based learning process. Through such digital interactions it will be possible not only to increase students' knowledge but also to stimulate their motivational activity based on a linguistic and cognitive approach. Moreover, the use of electronic resources makes language learning lively and aesthetic, while ensuring the preservation of cultural identity. It is concluded that the materials referred to in the article, in addition to improving the theoretical results, create a convenience that is unparalleled in the developing age.

SOME THOUGHTS ABOUT TURKISH ESTABLISHMENTS AND EPIC TRADITIONS

2025-08-07T19:31:06+05:00

This study examines the historical formation, development, and contemporary reflections of the Turkish epic tradition and epic narrative genres. Epics are among the oldest forms of oral literature, reflecting a society’s historical memory, national identity, and collective values. The Turkish epic tradition, shaped around themes of creation, origin, and heroism, represents a fusion of historical events and collective imagination. The first part of the study provides conceptual definitions of epic and epic tradition, exploring their role in collective memory and cultural functions within Turkish society.
Subsequently, the fundamental characteristics of Turkish epic heritage and its most significant examples are analyzed. Additionally, the reflection of epic tradition in modern literature, cinema, television series, and popular culture is examined, focusing on how historical heroism narratives are reinterpreted through contemporary narrative forms. In conclusion, it is asserted that the Turkish epic tradition is not merely a historical oral narrative form but also a living cultural heritage that sustains national identity and collective memory while maintaining its functions within modern art and cultural productions

FEATURES OF CHIASMIC REPETITION

2025-08-08T10:33:35+05:00

The article examines the features of chiasmic repetitions and their use as a stylistic device. Chiasmus is the repetition of two identical lexical units in a text in a crisscrossing manner. Repetitions in a chiasmic structure, depending on the specifics of their use, are divided into phonetic, morphemic, lexical and syntactic. According to its structure, it is divided into simple and complex. Chiasma is uneven in its external arrangement. Some of them, although they are repeated crosswise, do not form a complete X-shape, but are located far from each other, have a triangular shape and are found in various types. Based on these characteristics, the phenomenon of chiasma can be divided into complete, distant and incomplete. Chiasmic constructions are of great importance in artistic style. Chiasmic repetitions are used in all genres of literary style, enhancing the beauty of speech. Increases the stylistic value of the text.

COGNITIVE AND METACOGNITIVE READING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES

2025-08-01T11:35:05+05:00

This article investigates the importance and effectiveness of applying cognitive (understanding-oriented) and metacognitive (self-regulation-based) strategies in the formation of reading comprehension skills among primary school students. It aims to identify the role of these strategies in developing students’ logical thinking, text analysis abilities, and independent learning skills during the educational process. The article emphasizes the integration of cognitive and metacognitive strategies in modern education, suggesting that their application in primary education can further enhance students’ linguistic and intellectual potential. According to the author, these methods not only improve academic performance but also foster a lifelong interest in learning among students

CURRENT STATUS OF VOCABULARY FORMATION IN TEACHING UZBEKISTAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

2025-08-05T16:01:28+05:00

This article analyzes the results of a survey conducted among foreign students learning Uzbek as a foreign language. The study involved 114 foreign students who provided information about the difficulties they face in mastering the Uzbek vocabulary and the methods used for learning. The survey results show that students primarily use flashcards, books, and online applications to learn vocabulary; however, the time allocated for teaching vocabulary in lessons is insufficient. Additionally, the influence of the mother tongue on language learning is significant: for example, for Pakistani students, the vocabulary of Arabic and Persian languages has a positive impact on learning Uzbek. The study also emphasizes the importance of students' socio-emotional factors, motivation, and learning styles in vocabulary acquisition. This research provides a scientific basis for improving the methodological approaches to teaching Uzbek as a foreign language

INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE METHODS IN TEACHING UZBEK AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: A COMPARATIVE PEDAGOGICAL ANALYSIS

2025-08-06T10:46:13+05:00

The growing interest in Uzbek as a foreign language necessitates effective pedagogical approaches for non-native learners. This article explores the application of inductive and deductive methods in teaching Uzbek grammar and vocabulary to foreign students. Drawing on second language acquisition (SLA) theory and empirical research, the paper compares the cognitive demands, effectiveness, and learner engagement associated with each method. It argues for a principled eclecticism that integrates both approaches based on learner profiles, linguistic targets, and instructional goals. The study aims to contribute to the development of informed methodologies in Uzbek language instruction for diverse international audiences.

ALISHER NAVOIY SHAXSIN'S INFLUENCE IN SOCIETY

2025-08-06T12:22:42+05:00

This article presents information about the study of the life and work of Alisher Navoi in the system of secondary and higher education, as well as the role of Navoi's personality in the life of our society. Opinions were expressed about the pedagogical significance of the works of the great thinker.

METHODOLOGY FOR TEACHING THE ARTISTIC LANGUAGE FEATURES OF POETRY IN LITERATURE LESSONS FOR GRADES 5–7: ON THE EXAMPLE OF POEMS BY MIRTEMIR AND ANVAR OBIDJON

2025-08-06T14:15:24+05:00

This article analyzes the poetic works taught in literature textbooks for grades 5–7 - Mirtemir's "Shudring" and Anvar Obidjon's "Tinch kunlar" - through the features of artistic language, poetic art means, and imagery. Methodological approaches aimed at the formation of poetic thinking based on poems are put forward

ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION OF WAR AND HUMAN TRAGEDY IN THE NOVELS OF ABDURASHID NURMURODOV

2025-08-06T16:08:48+05:00

This article analyzes the artistic interpretation of the theme of war in the work of Abdurashid Nurmurodov and the methods of expression of human tragedies. In the author's novels, war is depicted not only as a historical reality, but also as a complex social process that tests the human psyche and life values. The spiritual and moral consequences of war are revealed through the characters depicted in the work. The tragedies of war are widely covered through Nurmurodov's artistic style, system of images and symbolic layers. Based on the author's novel "Swallows Did Not Return", the impact of war on the lives of children, women and ordinary people, the coverage of psychological and social tragedies through artistic means are analyzed on a scientific basis. The article comprehensively shows the artistic style, symbols, internal monologues, details and the spiritual impact of war.

FORMATION OF STUDENTS' SKILLS IN CREATING SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR TEXT

2025-08-06T17:20:10+05:00

This article analyzes the pedagogical foundations of developing students' skills in creating popular science texts. The main content components of popular science texts, as well as the methodological approaches used in teaching them, are presented. The article provides recommendations for the effective development of popular science writing skills in higher education.

THE ROLE OF ART IN OUR YOUTH'S UNDERSTANDING OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

2025-08-07T10:44:47+05:00

This article presents reflections on the methodological aspects of developing students' national identity through the analysis of literary works in the educational process, factors influencing the formation of cultural distinctiveness and national pride at global, national, and regional levels, as well as criteria reflecting the degree of relevance of the educational environment

APPROACHES TO TEACHING LYRIC WORKS (UZBEKISTAN AND TURKEY EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AS AN EXAMPLE)

2025-08-07T18:30:50+05:00

This article analyzes the specific aspects, similarities and differences of the methodology of teaching lyrical works in the educational systems of Uzbekistan and Turkey. In both countries, special attention is paid to the formation of national values, artistic thinking and aesthetic taste in the teaching of lyrical works. The article discusses the use of modern pedagogical technologies, interdisciplinary integration and expressive reading methods.

POETICS OF HOME IN THE EARLY PROSE OF L.N. TOLSTOY (BASED ON THE AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL TRILOGY "CHILDHOOD", "ADOLESSENCE", "YOUTH")

2025-08-07T19:57:54+05:00

Already in L. N. Tolstoy's early prose, the description of the house is not just a kind of background of events, but also an expression of a special poetic meaning. In particular, in the autobiographical trilogy "portrait" of the house is a kind of key to understanding the spiritual and moral reality of the characters. In the autobiographical trilogy, the image of the house is the dominant plot-forming component of the text and acts in a sense-generating role. The character of the main character is revealed through the "portrait" of the Irtenev house, presented in the text in a complex semantic combination of descriptions of "internal" and "external" in the structure of a number of houses (the Valakhins, Kornakovs, Ivins and Nekhludovs).

STUDYING THE IMAGERY OF NATURE AND THE EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS OF THE CHARACTERS IN A WORK OF ART

2025-08-08T11:09:33+05:00

The article focuses on and analyzes some works that express the harmony of the image of nature and the human psyche

DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS' ARTISTIC-AESTHETIC THINKING THROUGH INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN LITERARY EDUCATION

2025-08-05T14:12:51+05:00

The article analyzes the importance of innovative technologies and pedagogical approaches in the modern process of literary education. It highlights the role of interactive methods, digital resources, and creative teaching techniques in developing students’ artistic and aesthetic thinking. Furthermore, the study examines the scientific basis of how innovative approaches contribute to instilling cultural and aesthetic values, fostering independent thinking, and improving students’ skills in analyzing literary works during literature classes.

DEVELOPING STUDENTS' CREATIVE ABILITY IN LITERATURE LESSONS IN GRADES 5–6

2025-08-06T09:08:08+05:00

This article explores the role of literature education in grades 5–6 in fostering students’ creative potential. It analyzes effective pedagogical methods, interactive approaches, and practical exercises. The paper also describes methodological tools that support the cognitive and emotional development of learners, as well as tasks and technologies aimed at stimulating creative thinking. Based on conducted experiments, practical recommendations are offered for organizing literature lessons with a creative focus

THE NEED FOR RENEWAL IN UZBEKISTAN CHILDREN'S LITERATURE

2025-08-06T11:21:52+05:00

The renewal of themes and styles in children's literature in accordance with contemporary demands is of great importance. Changes in human activities and lifestyles influence literature, prompting it to transform its form and content. Modern children's poetry should integrate traditional and innovative approaches while incorporating motifs related to digital technologies. At the same time, it is essential to preserve elements of folk oral tradition and classical literature, creating engaging and valuable works for children. This article analyzes the trends in children's literature development and suggests new directions

APPROACHES TO DEVELOPING STUDENTS' FORMAL THINKING

2025-08-06T13:40:19+05:00

The article describes the issue of determining the age dynamics of the formation of figurative and conceptual thinking of students and creating a methodical system for their development through the teaching of literature in general secondary schools. For this, the conditions for the development of figurative and conceptual thinking, as well as the content of sequential and related operations that ensure the successful development of these types of thinking, are described.

FIRST TURKOLOGY CONFERENCE AND HISTORICAL MISSION

2025-08-06T15:05:15+05:00

The article examines the preparation, holding and historical mission of the First Turkological Congress. The goals of the Congress and the true intention of the Soviet Union in this matter are analyzed. The important issues discussed on the agenda of the Congress and the results of scientific reports are summarized. The article also considers the issue of the adoption of a single Turkic alphabet in the modern era. The First Turkological Congress is a public event that opens up broad horizons for the scientific and cultural unity of the Turkic peoples and the development of common national and spiritual values. The active participation of Azerbaijani intellectuals in the First Turkological Congress indicates the emergence and formation of great scientific and creative forces in the country not only in the field of linguistics, but also in the fields of literature, history, culture, folklore, ethnography, and enlightenment. The Congress did not leave behind any elected body and was content with recommending that all Turkic republics and regions organize local Turkological Committees for the collection and systematization of materials on Turkology, registration and preservation of manuscripts, study of local dialects, etc. The Congress recognized the expediency of republishing Radlov's dictionary of Turkic dialects, which has become a bibliographic rarity and is currently the only one. At the end of the article, the historical significance of the I Turkological Congress is summarized.

AN EQUITABLE APPROACH TO SECOND LANGUAGE TEACHING, SUPPORTING SOCIAL AND LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY

2025-08-06T16:37:56+05:00

In the modern society, social factors such as socioeconomic background, cultural norms, peer influence, and educational context play a significant role in shaping how individuals use language across different settings and interactions. Understanding these factors is essential when designing instruction for linguistically and culturally diverse classrooms. This profile research paper aims to explore the pedagogical strategies and assessment adjustments employed in IELTS preparation course to meet diverse needs of students – as a whole group, as sub-groups and as individual learners. The classroom comprises of 15 students, aged 13–14, from different linguistic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds studying at learning center in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. As being an instructor this context, it is important to recognize and deeply understand how they way students’ engagement, participation, performance, behaviors are influenced by social factors such as gender, ethnicity, language interference, and cultural sensitivities particularly when they are preparing for high stakes exam such as IELTS (International English Language Testing System) examination. Relying on research studies Labov (1963) and Labov (1972), theories, models such as the Difference Model (Tannen, 1990), the Dominance Model (Zimmerman and West, 1975), and the Equity Model (Francis & Skelton, 2005), adapting culturally inclusive teaching ideas from Bayley & Villarreal (2018) and Baugh (2005), the research article analyzes how inclusive teaching practices, empathetic and supporting pedagogical approaches, differentiated instructions and assessment methods especially focusing on learners’ needs regard to gender dynamics, language interference and socio-cultural sensitivities, differentiated teaching approaches, I am planning to adopt, can help bridge performance gaps and create equitable opportunities for every individual learner in my classroom. The research paper concludes with suggesting different strategies in pedagogy and assessment highlighting the importance of adapting differentiated pedagogy and assessment can significantly improve student outcomes by focusing on their as a whole, as sub-groups and as an individual specific needs in my specific context which ultimately calls for other instructors to adapt culturally inclusive and equitable classroom approaches in their own contexts.

THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL-DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

2025-08-07T09:37:38+05:00

This article focuses on the diagnostic method of conversation and using it for purposes of pedagogical research. It also discusses its advantages in the diagnosis of individual psychological characteristics, professional interests and aptitudes of the interlocutor.

STUDY OF ONOMASTIC UNITS IN UZBEK LINGUISTICS AND ANALYSIS WITH OTHER TURKISH LANGUAGES

2025-08-07T11:15:37+05:00

This article explores the study of onomastics in Uzbek linguistics, focusing on the classification and analysis of proper names such as personal names (anthroponyms), place names (toponyms), hydronyms, and ethnonyms. Special attention is given to the historical development of Uzbek onomastics, its scientific foundations, and comparative analysis with other Turkic languages. The paper also examines shared onomastic patterns among Turkic peoples as well as their unique cultural features. Current challenges and future directions in the field are discussed.

ADVERTISES OF KAZAKH TURKISH IN TURKISTAN

2025-08-07T19:25:47+05:00

In the Turkistan dialect of Kazakh Turkish, postpositions are important linguistic elements that establish meaning relationships between words and sentences, enriching communication. In this dialect, postpositions are used both as independent words and in forms derived from affixes. They play a crucial role in expressing relationships such as place, direction, time, cause-effect, purpose, means, and comparison. Some of the commonly used postpositions in the Turkistan dialect include: “üşin” (for), “qaray” (towards), “sekildi” (like), “deyin” (until), “turalı” (about), “men” / “pen” (with), “dep” (saying). These postpositions are often used with case markers, adding various meanings to the sentence. Especially postpositions like "dep", derived from the verbal noun suffix, are used to express cause-effect relationships. Phonetically, some postpositions show regional pronunciation differences. For instance, the postposition “üçin” in standard Kazakh is pronounced as “üşin” or “üşün” in the Turkistan dialect. Such differences reflect the uniqueness of the dialects and play an important role in preserving regional linguistic identity. In the Turkistan dialect, postpositions encompass both the grammatical structure of the language and its cultural reflections. They are not only grammatically functional but also noteworthy for their contribution to the naturalness of oral expression and local ways of speech

SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE AND CONTRIBUTION OF THE OUTSTANDING TURKOLOGIST SCIENTIST RASHIT SHAKUROV TO THE HUMANITIES

2025-08-08T10:25:41+05:00

The article examines the scientific heritage of the famous Turkologist Professor R.Z. Shakurov, his contribution to Bashkir humanities in the mid-twentieth and twenty-first centuries. R.Z. Shakurov successfully worked in various scientific fields, made a significant contribution to the development of Bashkir linguistics (including dialectology, toponymy), folklore studies, literary studies, encyclopedias, etc. The scientist stood at the origins of the Bashkir encyclopedia in the post–Soviet period, and it was he, a well-known Turkologist, who was formed and then lead a group of scientists to create the Bashkir encyclopedia in the early 1990s. R.Z. Shakurov developed the concept and dictionary for the Bashkir encyclopedia. Since 1991, he has been appointed head of the Bashkir Soviet Encyclopedia group and head of the Bashkir Encyclopedia Department. From 1995 to 1998, he was the director of the Scientific Publishing House «Bashkir Encyclopedia». He prepared and published the first short encyclopedia of Bashkortostan among the former autonomous republics in Russian (1996) and Bashkir (1997). Rashit Shakurov developed the concept of a multi-volume universal «Bashkir Encyclopedia», approved by the Scientific and Editorial Board of the Bashkir Encyclopedia on January 17, 1996, and prepared a dictionary that formed the basis of the seven-volume encyclopedia. Shakurov is the author of more than 30 books, more than 450 scientific publications, and more than 800 articles (have been published in periodicals) on literature, folklore, toponymy, dialectology, history and culture of Bashkortostan and Bashkirs. One of the scientist's latest books, «Treasures of Bashkir Folk Art», published in 2024 with the support of the Grant Fund of the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan, includes a folklore collection collected over a period of more than half a century. Rashit Shakurov has made an invaluable contribution to the humanities and has educated several generations of scientists who continue his researches

THE IMPRESSION OF DIVINE LOVE IN THE Proverbs of Yasawi and Ubaidii

2025-08-05T15:55:05+05:00

This article explores specific themes found in the wisdom poetry (hikmats) of Ahmad Yassawi, the founder of the hikmat tradition, and his follower Qul Ubaydi. It presents a comparative analysis of their expressive style and artistic mastery. In particular, the study examines how divine love, the oneness of Allah, and His absolute will and power are reflected in their works. The article also discusses Ubaydi’s individual poetic approach to shared themes, continuing Yassawi’s tradition while showcasing his own literary individuality

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF AUTHENTIC TEXT AND ITS USE IN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND ORGANIZATION

2025-08-06T10:40:30+05:00

This article examines the historical development and evolution of the use of authentic texts in language teaching methodology. It traces the shift from grammar-focused approaches towards communicative methods that prioritize real-world language use. The research explores the theories and contributions of renowned linguists such as Keith Morrow, Henry Widdowson, David Nunan, and Alan Maley regarding authentic materials in language learning. The advantages and challenges of employing authentic resources are analyzed, highlighting their significance in developing learners' communicative competence. Additionally, the article discusses the role of modern technologies, the Internet, and multimedia in enhancing access to authentic materials. Practical recommendations for the effective use of authentic texts in contemporary language education are provided.

USE OF MODULAR LEARNING TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE LESSONS

2025-08-06T12:14:27+05:00

This article analyzes the theoretical foundations and practical significance of using modular educational technology in teaching literature. The role of the modular approach in modern education, its potential for the comprehensive development of the student's personality are widely covered. In particular, the specific aspects of literature lessons, the complexities of working with literary texts, and the role of modular lessons in facilitating them are shown. The article reveals ideas about the structure, content, didactic units, and assessment criteria of the module through examples. Also, aspects such as improving students' independent work skills, teaching critical and creative thinking, and establishing an individual approach in the lesson are indicated as advantages of modular education. The results of the study justify the need to use a modular approach to organize literature lessons more interactively, meaningfully, and effectively

ANALYSIS OF THE COMPONENTS THAT DETERMINE TEXT STRUCTURE

2025-08-06T14:03:19+05:00

This article explores the issue of identifying components that reflect educational units in teaching native language classes in grades 5–9, providing students with the opportunity to study text structure. The article argues that solving this problem requires identifying linguistic foundations to determine what kind of knowledge about text structure should be taught in the form of rules. Based on scientific and theoretical sources in the field of text linguistics, analyses are conducted to identify the components that define the structure of a text. It discusses the approach of teaching the entire structure of a text through a small but integral component (a specific set of linguistic units), how to designate and name this component, and how it can serve as the basis for understanding textual features, forming rules for text composition, and developing a system of exercises

OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM IN ONA LANGUAGE TEACHING: EXPERIENCE ABROAD

2025-08-06T15:29:12+05:00

This article focuses on studying and implementing international best practices in organizing extracurricular activities. The application of innovative forms of extracurricular work in native language education is a pressing demand of modern education. The purpose of the article is to explore advanced international practices in extracurricular activities in countries with well-developed language education systems and to propose the implementation of interactive programs in schools to enhance the quality of native language instruction. The proposed program is designed to foster 21st-century skills in students and contribute to the improvement of educational quality

TEACHING 10-11TH GRADE STUDENTS TO WRITE TEXT THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2025-08-06T17:12:52+05:00

This article analyzes the role of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the educational process, especially in the development of written speech. The importance of AI in the form of assistance to high school students is presented. The programs show how AI can help students in maintaining text, editing it, and logical management. The accuracy, grammatical correctness, and creative expressiveness of writing through AI are emphasized. The test-and-experimental work of the QuillB and Chat GPT writing technologies was tested, and the test-and-experimental work was checked, and the programs provided an impact on the development of creative and logical thinking, as well as on the ability of AI to determine the literacy of students in the curriculum. It is also mentioned that artificial intelligence can help improve grammar, punctuation, style, vocabulary, and overall structure

METHODS OF DEVELOPING STUDENTS' READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS IN MOTHER LANGUAGE LESSONS

2025-08-07T10:36:09+05:00

This article discusses the methods of developing students‘ reading comprehension skills in native language education, tasks for the formation of reading comprehension skills performed using these methods. The article also describes exercises,tests and tasks for the formation of reading comprehension skills in students, especially through texts, and methods for their systematic implementation. The article draws scientifically based conclusions about the methods of developing reading comprehension skills in the educational process, tasks for the formation of reading comprehension skills performed using these methods

POSSIBILITIES OF USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN LITERATURE LESSONS

2025-08-07T18:24:41+05:00

Discussing the possibilities of using digital technologies in literature lessons is one of the important aspects of the modern educational process. Digital technologies create new opportunities in the field of education, making the process of acquiring knowledge for students more interesting and effective. The use of these technologies in literature lessons is of great importance not only in attracting students’ attention, but also in their deeper understanding of literary works.

THE GENERAL AND THE SPECIFIC IN THE GENESIS OF THE UMMAH IN THE TURKIC REPUBLICS OF RUSSIA: AN EXPERIENCE IN INTERPRETING HISTORICAL MEANINGS

2025-08-07T19:50:37+05:00

The text is devoted to the analysis of the general and special in the nature of the development of the Muslim Ummah in the context of the reference national republics of the Turkic peoples of the Russian Federation – Bashkirs and Tatars. The most relevant subjects for comparison are the development of the Muslim Ummah of Russia in the republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan in historical retrospect

ABAY KUNANBAYULY'S POETRY AND EASTERN YELLOW

2025-08-08T11:01:19+05:00

The article comprehensively presents and analyzes the creative world and oriental tone of the great Kazakh poet A. Kunanbayuly, the poetry of A. Navoi, harmony, tradition and innovation, the connection of the poet's poems with Kyrgyz, Uzbek, and Turkic literature in general, and the problem of translation using specific examples

TEACHER'S "MAGIC WAND": ANALYSIS OF METHODS THAT INCREASE ACTIVITY

2025-08-01T12:39:48+05:00

This article discusses the importance of teaching methodology in the context of modern education. It focuses on effective strategies aimed at increasing student engagement and participation. Drawing on academic research, the article analyzes practical methods used in literature classes, such as the “Alphabet Method” and the “Mosaic Method.” These approaches help foster students’ independent thinking, creativity, and communication skills.

DESCRIPTION OF PRACTICAL TASKS FOR FORMING WRITTEN SPEECH SKILLS IN CREATIVE SCHOOLS

2025-08-06T09:00:23+05:00

This article presents examples of tasks related to text structure, organization of written work in creative schools, and the formation of written speech skills, as well as their practical description

THE AIM OF AZERBAIJANISM AND DISSIDENTISM IN KHALIL RZA ULUTURK’S ARTISTIC CREATIVITY

2025-08-06T11:16:33+05:00

Khalil Rza Uluturk fought for the freedom of the Azerbaijani people with his poetry and socio-political activities, at the same time he was known as one of the active representatives of the national independence movement. In the article the manifestation of the ideas of azerbaijanism, glorification and promotion of the national values, motifs of opposition to the regime that have risen to dissidentism on the paths of affirmation of national existence in Khalil Rza Uluturk’s poetry are investigated. Despite the ideological pressure of the Soviet regime, the poet presented the ideas of national freedom and independence as the main leitmotif of his poetry. In Khalil Rza Uluturk’s poems call for the protection of azerbaijanism, national identity, language and cultural values are accompanied by provocative expressions. In his activity the skillful elaboration of the “Aesopian language” and the unity of the dissident spirit with the means of artistic expression are clearly noticeable. The facts given from the poet’s diary and biography in the article serve to illustrate his image of a dissident more fully.

USING EPISTOLARY SAMPLES IN LITERATURE TEACHING (MUSO TOSHMUHAMMAD O'GLI OYBEK'S CREATION EXAMPLE)

2025-08-06T12:38:59+05:00

This article is about organizing literature lessons using epistolary examples and teaching by linking the life and work of writers to their letters. Along with Oybek's creative activity, information is provided about the methods of using the epistolary genre in studying his personality, analysis of his letters, and its types. The main goal of literature lessons is to increase students' interest in the writer's work through the letter genre

COMMON TURKISH LITERATURE OR NATIONAL LITERATURE? A COMPARISON OF PARADIGMS ON DENGUE: THE EXAMPLES OF TURKEY, AZERBAIJAN AND UZBEKISTAN

2025-08-06T14:54:05+05:00

Common Turkic Literature, National Literature, Literature Teaching, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Higher Education, Pedagogy

THE IMPORTANCE OF CASE TECHNOLOGY IN INCREASING STUDENT ENGAGEMENT

2025-08-06T16:27:19+05:00

Using case technology, students get acquainted with various information, solve problems, learn to work with society, analyze literature, make decisions, think independently, criticize themselves, and think creatively. In this article, in the 11th grade textbook, the article from Yusuf Khos Hajib's "Kutadgu Bilig" is interested in and analyzed the situation through a case example, a puzzle text.

USE OF PRONOUNS IN CONTEXT

2025-08-07T09:31:15+05:00

In this article, pronouns are analyzed from a pragmatic perspective, focusing on their semantic and communicative functions in context. The functional characteristics of pronouns are explored through examples of their use in various contexts. Additionally, the article presents examples from modern literary language and spoken discourse to illustrate the stylistic potential of pronouns

THE ROLE OF SPEECH FACTORS IN DEVELOPING SPEAKING COMPETENCE OF READERS

2025-08-07T11:04:30+05:00

This article analzes the scientific views of linguists, methodologists, and psychologists on the goals and objectives of language education, the teaching of speech skills and the linguists and didactic basis of speech competence in native language classes, the development of oral and written literacy, creative, scientific, and creative thinking, and the improvement of students‘ thinking skills.

THE POETICS OF DETAILS AND NAMES IN THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE SPIRITS OF THE CHARACTERS IN THE STORY "THE WIND CANNOT BE CATCHED"

2025-08-07T18:47:08+05:00

This article is devoted to the analysis of the description of the psyche of the heroes and the poetics of details in Nazar Eshankul’s story “Shamolni tutib bo‘lmaydi”. In the work, the mental anguish, loneliness, anger and revenge feelings of the character of grandma Bayna are deeply covered. The article analyzes the central themes of the story - the conflict between the past and the present, justice and oppression, human values and their decay. The psychological method and contextual analysis methods are used in the research, revealing the subtle layers of the human psyche through the life of grandma Bayna, details from her chest (whip, dagger, ten human fingers, etc.). Also, the poetics of the names in the story, in particular, the symbolic meaning of the names “Bayna” and “Zamon otboqar” are analyzed. The article helps to understand the artistic details and mental processes of Nazar Eshankul’s work

WORD-FORMATION STRUCTURE OF THE WORD IN THE RUSSIAN AND BASHKIR LANGUAGES: COMPARATIVE ASPECT

2025-08-08T09:44:24+05:00

The article is devoted to the comparative study of the structure of a derivative word in languages with different structures.

METHODOLOGY FOR WORKING ON CERTAIN SPEECH SOUNDS THAT ARE DIFFICULT TO PRONUNCIATE

2025-08-05T15:39:09+05:00

This article explores the study of speech sounds that present pronunciation and spelling challenges in mother tongue education, as well as the development of correct pronunciation skills. Special emphasis is placed on fostering students’ ability to speak in accordance with the norms of literary pronunciation, which is identified as a pressing task. The article provides effective exercises focused on vowels and consonants, practical assignments, phonetic analysis, and methodological recommendations for teachers. Attention is also given to preventing pronunciation errors and explaining the relationship between correct pronunciation and spelling of words. The proposed methods aim to develop students’ ability to adhere to the norms of literary language in both spoken and written forms, thereby improving their fluency and clarity in pronunciation. This article can serve as a valuable scientific and practical resource for conducting high-quality mother tongue lessons in general education schools.

HISTORICAL ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS OF SAMARKAND CITY

2025-08-06T09:32:35+05:00

The city of Samarkand is one of the oldest cities in Uzbekistan and the world. Samarkand has been conquered by many rulers throughout history and has been home to many cultures. The city became the capital of the Timurid state in the 14th century and became a major cultural center. Here lies the ancient and living history of the Turks and the East. There are many ancient buildings, palaces, mosques and madrasahs in the city. Each of these ancient buildings is a great history. The article examines a number of monuments located in the city of Samarkand, as well as their history, sisana and raiyats about them. Examples of these monuments are the “Gur Mir” mausoleum, “Shahi Zinda” monument, Registan square. Each of the monuments impresses the visitors with its architecture and history. These monuments are the original architectural gems of Samarkand and the entire Turkic world.

AZERBAIJAN AND UZBEKISTAN CARPETS

2025-08-06T11:55:37+05:00

The article provides a comparative analysis of the historical-ethnographic and technical aspects of Azerbaijani and Uzbek carpet weaving. The article provides a comparative analysis of Azerbaijani and Uzbek carpet weaving traditions on scientific grounds. The aim of the study is to investigate the aesthetic style characteristics, technological processes, material selection and symbolic ornamentation formed in the carpet art of both nations. The use of raw materials such as silk and wool, dyeing of threads and tools and methods applied in carpet weaving are systematically presented. In particular, the specific features of the Nakhchivan and Iravan carpet schools and their traditional design features are commented on. The article, in addition to explaining the technological and functional differences between the types of courtyard and courtyard-free carpets, also considers the semantic and cultural meanings of the practice of placing signatures on carpets. Referring to his research, the importance of carpet art in terms of ethno-cultural identity and art history is substantiated.The results of the study show that in addition to cultural specificities, common artistic and technological elements are observed in the carpet weaving art of both peoples

ORGANIZING EDITORIAL TRAINING: FIRST STEPS

2025-08-06T13:56:33+05:00

This article addresses the issue of developing literary editing skills in future Uzbek language and literature teachers. The absence of a dedicated course in this field and the varying levels of studentsʼ foundational knowledge and skills create challenges in preparing them to meet the requirements of new textbooks and curricula. The article aims to propose a comprehensive diagnostic methodology designed to address this problem by determining studentsʼ initial proficiency in literary editing, as well as a methodology for a targeted preparatory stage based on the diagnostic results. The proposed approach is intended to enhance the professional competencies and improve the quality of education for students in Uzbek Language Education and Uzbek Philology programs.

TUSHUNISH - ORGANISHNING BOSH MEZONI (BASED ON S. AYNIYNING'S "OLD SCHOOL" STORY)

2025-08-06T15:22:45+05:00

This article reveals the teaching methods used in schools during the Jadid period, particularly the 'usuli savtiya' (sound method) based on perception and understanding, using Sadriddin Ayni's work "The Old School" as a foundation. The article also provides analytical reflections on Sadriddin Ayni's activities, childhood, and educational process. It highlights, based on evidence, the existence of primary schools (maktabs) and madrasas providing secondary and higher religious education in the Turkestan region in the mid-19th century. It notes that most village schools were the simplest primary schools offering religious education, taught by imams and mullahs from mosques, and that Ayni himself received education in such a school. The article presents the idea that teaching methods, both historical and contemporary, should be based on understanding, as this fosters the development of independent and critical thinking skills in students.

HOW IMPORTANT IS TRAINING DRAMATIC CREATIONS?

2025-08-06T17:06:01+05:00

This article discusses in detail the need to introduce students to dramatic works taught in literary education from an early age so that they can not only enjoy them aesthetically, but also learn about spiritual wealth and social issues. In addition, it highlights the problems and recommendations for solutions related to the teaching of the literary genre. International experience, including Russian and Turkish programs, is analyzed and suggestions are made.

LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FEATURES OF HYDRONYMS OF THE FIZULI DISTRICT OF KARABAKH

2025-08-07T18:08:01+05:00

The Fuzuli district of Karabakh is one of the regions of Azerbaijan rich in cultural and historical heritage. This area stands out not only for its geographical location and natural resources but also for the toponyms that have played an important role in the development of the language. The water bodies of the Fuzuli district—springs, canals, rivers, and lakes—have contributed to the formation of a wide variety of hydronyms. Hydronyms are linguistic units that reflect not only the geographical conditions of the region but also the lifestyle, culture, and historical memory of the local population. This article analyzes the lexical-semantic features of hydronyms in the Fuzuli district. By examining their origins, semantics, and functional usage, the study reveals the role hydronyms play in language and cultural memory. As a result, it is shown that hydronyms are not only geographical indicators but also bear social, historical, and spiritual value

THE CARRIER FORCE OF TURKISH MODERNIZATION: HALK THEATER

2025-08-07T19:44:00+05:00

This article explores the significant role of folk theatre in Turkey’s modernization process and its contribution to cultural transformation. From the Ottoman era to the Republican period, traditional theatre forms such as Karagöz, Hacivat, meddah, and orta oyunu functioned as tools for public education, social criticism, and the dissemination of modern values. Drawing on legends and historical records about Karagöz and Hacivat, the authors emphasize that shadow play originated in Eastern societies, was introduced to the Ottoman Empire, and gained a unique national character through the creative efforts of the Turkish people.

KHOJA NASREDDIN IN TURKISH FOLK TRADITION: A SYMBOL OF HUMOR AND WISDOM

2025-08-08T10:52:48+05:00

humor figures in Turkish folk literature. It analyzes the position Nasreddin Hodja holds among the people and the social, moral, and cultural values reflected in his stories. It is emphasized that his anecdotes serve not only to amuse but also to provoke thought, encourage questioning, and educate. Hodja’s approach to humor is deeply intertwined with the everyday life of the people, allowing individuals to reflect on themselves and society. The wit, quick thinking, and subtle humor in his stories have kept Nasreddin Hodja alive in public memory for centuries. Accordingly, this study evaluates his role in folk culture, the messages of his anecdotes, and their relevance to contemporary values

ISSUES OF TURKISH PEOPLES' LITERATURE AND FOLKLORE

2025-08-01T11:47:51+05:00

This section discusses the general description of Turkic peoples' literature, its formation, and development processes. The main sources of literature, including the mutual influence of oral folk literature and written literature, are analyzed. The various genres of folk oral literature, such as epic poems, fairy tales, proverbs, and folk songs, as well as their place in the culture of Turkic peoples, are discussed. The historical development of folk oral literature and its influence on written literature, as well as the ancient periods of Turkic peoples' literature, including the era from the 7th century BC to the inscriptions of the Orkhon-Yenisey monuments, are examined. Other important periods are also addressed. The historical development, genres, and cultural significance of Turkic peoples' literature and folk oral literature, as well as the contribution of these periods to literature, are analyzed

CULTURAL PEARL OF NAGORNO-KARBAKH

2025-08-06T08:53:39+05:00

Shusha is an ancient city with a special place in the history, culture and music of Azerbaijan. Located in the mountainous part of Karabakh, this city was founded by Panahali Khan in the 18th century and was the capital of the Karabakh Khanate. The city’s strategic location has made it an important center in both military and cultural terms. Shusha is the homeland of famous personalities such as Vagif, Uzeyir Hajibeyli, Bulbul, Natavan, Khurshidbanu, Gasim bey Zakir. Mugham, folk poetry and classical poetry came together here, forming the basis of Azerbaijani culture. Shusha, which was occupied by Armenian armed forces in 1992, was heroically liberated by the Azerbaijani Army on November 8, 2020. This liberation has become a symbol of both national pride and cultural revival. Today, Shusha is being rebuilt and revived as the cultural capital of Azerbaijan. The city, preserving the traces of the past, introduces the historical and cultural identity of Azerbaijan to future generations and the world community

ASSESSING READERS' ORAL SPEECH AS A PEDAGOGICAL-METHODICAL OBJECTIVE IN ONA LANGUAGE TEACHING

2025-08-06T10:59:53+05:00

This article addresses current issues related to the assessment of students' oral speech. It discusses errors made in evaluating oral speech and provides recommendations for their elimination. Specifically, the study analyzes the extent to which tasks aimed at developing oral speech in the 6th-grade Mother Tongue textbook align with the competency requirements outlined in the National Curriculum

PUBLICISTIC STYLE ORGANIZING ORGANIZING READERS' CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING

2025-08-06T12:32:51+05:00

This article thoroughly explores the role and significance of the journalistic style in developing students' critical and creative thinking. In particular, it highlights how journalistic texts help students form an active civic position toward social phenomena, analyze pressing issues, understand them deeply, and develop the ability to think independently, reasonably and concisely about real-life events. The article discusses effective methods of using the journalistic style in the educational process, examines existing practical experiences, and analyzes previously published journalistic articles in terms of their content and educational potential, drawing scientifically grounded conclusions. Additionally, this style is considered a crucial tool not only for developing students’ thinking skills but also for enhancing their communication culture and vocabulary. Through this, the journalistic style is recognized as an effective means that meets modern educational requirements.

UZBEKI REPRESENTATIVES PARTICIPATING IN THE FIRST TURKOLOGY CONFERENCE

2025-08-06T14:41:50+05:00

The participation of Uzbek delegates in the First Turkological Congress held in Baku on February 26, 1926, and their role in the discussion of scientific, cultural, and linguistic issues among Turkic-speaking peoples are explored in this study. The fact that 6 out of the 131 delegates at the congress were from Uzbekistan indicates this nation’s active involvement in the overall Turkic integration processes. The research focuses on the educational, journalistic, and literary activities of intellectuals such as Abdurashid Abdujabbarov, Ghazi Alim Yunusov, and Mashriq Yunus oglu Elbay, as well as their ability to maintain their positions in public and cultural life despite Soviet repressions. It was determined that Uzbek representatives at the congress not only participated as attendees but also contributed to Turkological science with specific scientific and organizational proposals In particular, the scientific and practical significance of the suggestions put forward by Abdurashid Abdujabbarov is emphasized. The results of the study show that the initiatives of the Uzbek delegates had a significant impact on strengtheningscientific and cultural integration among Turkic-speaking peoples and shaping pan-Turkic ideas.

USING MODERN PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING MODERN LITERATURE: THE EXPERIENCE OF STUDYING THE WORK OF MAHMUDKHOJA BEHBUDIY

2025-08-06T16:20:14+05:00

This article analyzes the importance and possibilities of using modern pedagogical technologies in teaching Jadid literature. In particular, in the process of studying the work of Mahmudhoja Behbudi, the experience of using interactive methods and multimedia tools is studied. Also, ways to strengthen students' knowledge using modern technologies, develop their independent thinking skills, and achieve a deep understanding of national spirituality are shown, and the effectiveness of innovative approaches to the study of Behbudi's works is analyzed on a scientific basis and practical recommendations are given.

PROGRESS OF TURKISH LANGUAGES AND CONTEMPORARY ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS

2025-08-06T17:31:40+05:00

This article discusses the development paths of Turkic languages, their interrelationships, their formation over time, their place in the international arena, modern approaches to teaching Turkic languages, new pedagogical technologies, and their importance in the educational process.

USE OF COLORS IN POLITICAL AND SOCIAL EVENTS

2025-08-07T10:57:49+05:00

Mehmet Akif Ersoy, a poet who left his mark on Turkish literature, primarily with the Independence March (İstiqlal Marşı) and the poems in his work "Safahat," derives his identity and personality from the national, moral, and spiritual values of the nation to which he belongs. Serving social tendencies more than individual ones, and in this respect being a man of action, Akif sees national consciousness as understanding and living with a sense of unity and solidarity the national-spiritual values in the same homeland.

In this article, we try to analyze Mehmet Akif's poems in terms of the elements of national consciousness that shaped the poet's artistic and intellectual world; the sense of unity and solidarity, historical consciousness, language consciousness, love of state and homeland, the way of understanding Islam, and the importance given to education will be revealed.

Turks can say that all the unparalleled achievements they have achieved in history are in the lines of the Independence March: "I have lived freely since the beginning, and I will live freely." At its base lies a sense of belonging, history, and awareness of freedom. Turks set out with the desire to live independently, the nation to which they belong; they are representatives of a collective spirit that walks hand in hand with culture, history, language, religion, and spiritual values. Religion, as a source that gives meaning to life and elevates it, has kept the Turkish nation alive for centuries. Because, "Turkish history has recognized Islam as a core value for a thousand years. All its culture is inspired by it." In this respect, it is wrong to consider Turkishness separate from Islam. The most important condition of being a nation is never being without. It is undoubtedly to have national consciousness. This thought connects people with irresistible bonds, and with its unifying and protective feature, it allows for collective life.

EFFECTIVENESS OF USING MULTIMEDIA IN LITERATURE LESSONS

2025-08-07T18:40:58+05:00

This article analyzes the didactic and methodological advantages of using multimedia tools in literature lessons. It highlights the ways in which digital technologies help students develop skills such as literary text analysis, understanding characters, and enhancing artistic thinking. In addition, the use of tools like video clips, audiobooks, electronic textbooks, and interactive presentations in the classroom is shown through practical examples to significantly increase students’ interest in the lessons and improve the effectiveness of education.

CONTEMPORARY BASHKIR POETRY IN THE CONTEXT OF EASTERN LITERATURE

2025-08-08T09:08:04+05:00

This article is devoted to the role of poetry and literary heritage in the formation of spiritual values, national identity and cultural development of Bashkortostan. The author emphasizes the importance of such qualities as mercy, love, unity and hard work, which contribute to strengthening the spiritual strength of the people. Particular attention is paid to the historical revival of Bashkir poetry in the 1980s, the development of traditional genres and images, as well as modern poets whose work reflects love for the Motherland, national values and spiritual strength. The article analyzes the features of the Bashkir poetic tradition, its connection with Eastern literature and the role of poetry in the education of the younger generation. The author shows that poetry is a powerful means of preserving cultural heritage and uniting the people, inspiring good deeds and spiritual development. The work emphasizes the importance of poetry as the most important element of the national culture and spiritual life of Bashkortostan.

ETHNOCULTURAL FACTORS OF THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE TRANS-URAL DISTRICTS OF BASHKORTOSTAN

2025-08-08T11:20:49+05:00

The article analyzes the results of a sociological study on the problems of the ethno-linguistic situation in the Trans-Urals regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The data obtained in the survey indicates that the language in the Republic of Bashkortostan is the most important ethnically forming factor. The article emphasizes that a person's native language is determined by their ethnicity. At the same time, the degree of language proficiency, as well as the scope of its application, cannot serve as criteria for determining the native language. The results confirmed that the family in modern society remains the most important institution for the preservation and transmission of the native language.

THE SCIENCE OF TOPONYMICS AND ITS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

2025-08-05T14:27:10+05:00

The stages of the origin of the science of toponymy, important aspects for study. Toponyms and their linguistic aspects. The study of toponymy as a science in the literature of fraternal peoples. The structural structure of the field of place names. Research related to onomastics in our linguistics. We touched upon the importance of this field in our linguistics. We used comparative-historical, descriptive and typological analysis methods in preparing the article. The goal is to explain the importance of this field by classifying the stages of development of toponymy as a science. To contribute to the development of the system. In this way, to become a belt for the development of our linguistics. To strengthen its position as a science.

ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF CREATING ILLUSTRATIVE TEXT BASED ON THE SENSORY ORGANS

2025-08-06T09:19:29+05:00

This article presents an analysis of lessons organized based on the five sensory organs to develop students’ skills in creating descriptive texts. Conclusions are provided based on the results of a study conducted to determine the effectiveness of this approach. According to the research findings, it was demonstrated that this approach can be effective in teaching students to write descriptions of people and places. Difficulties were observed among students in transforming the information in the table into text form, revealing that this skill has not been sufficiently developed

MODELS OF UNDERSTANDING FORMAL CONFIDENCE IN POETRY'S LEXICAL UNITS MARKED WITH DOT

2025-08-06T11:45:22+05:00

In the process of conceptual analysis, lexical units marked by ellipses that reflect the addresser's knowledge and experience form a formal type of linguistic inference in poetic language. The extensive linguocultural study of poetic speech, the investigation of the manifestations of the inference principle, and the cognitive reflection of omitted lexical units in the mind are issues of particular relevance in modern linguistics. In poetry, the omission of syntactic figures replaced by ellipses should be viewed not only as a psychological phenomenon but also as a stylistic device that facilitates comprehension. Within the poetic context, the ellipsis, functioning as an emotive marker, creates a psychological resonance between the author and the reader, serving as a conduit for emotionally charged artistic information. Thus, the ellipsis emerges as a natural and law-governed element of poetic speech, arising from psychological tension and standing as a key linguistic attribute of poetic creativity, contributing both to deeper contemplation and the development of reflective thinking.

METHODS OF TEACHING COMPOSITE SPEECH IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TECHNOCRATICIZATION

2025-08-06T13:49:36+05:00

This article talks about the use of multimedia complexes in the stages of strengthening the topic of the mother tongue lessons, in the lessons after the new topic has been taught, and the methodology of working on assignments on videos. The opinions of scientists about the advantages of multimedia tools in teaching the mother tongue are analyzed. On the subject of “Simple and Compound Sentences”, lesson plans created with the help of videos, various tasks were methodically analyzed and recommended. Within the subject, the student's qualification requirements have been developed

THE ROLE OF LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE IN UNDERSTANDING A TEXT IN A SCIENTIFIC-POPULATIVE STYLE

2025-08-06T15:16:06+05:00

Reading comprehension skills are crucial for students' successful learning across all subjects. This article explores the role of linguistic knowledge – namely lexical, grammatical, and syntactic skills – in the comprehension of texts written in a popular-scientific style by 5th-grade students. The research material is the text "The Heroism of Spitamen" from the 5th-grade history textbook "Stories from History". Through various tasks, students’ understanding of pronouns and homonyms, recognition of similes, analysis of direct speech, and the influence of conjunctions on text comprehension were examined. A total of 35 fifth-grade students participated in the study. The analysis revealed that while students were relatively successful at identifying the subject of direct speech, they showed low performance in understanding referential words, homonyms, similes, and complex sentences that included the negative correlative construction “not only... but also” (represented in Uzbek as “...gina emas, balki... ham”). The findings suggest that developing students’ analytical thinking and paying attention to linguistic elements in text-based learning is essential.

IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF TASK ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS' READING LITERACY SKILLS IN MOTHER LANGUAGE EDUCATION

2025-08-06T16:58:40+05:00

This article presents a number of methods and recommendations for improving the methodology of tasks assessing students' reading literacy skills in native language education. It should be noted that methods aimed at developing and improving students' reading literacy in native language education, along with increasing the scientific potential of students, serve to further increase their interest in the lesson process. The development of reading literacy skills in the lesson process is based on direct teacher-student interaction, and teachers' efforts to develop students' reading skills are a factor that allows the quality of the lesson to fully meet state educational standards. Also, the methodology of tasks that assess students' reading literacy skills in native language education is important because it includes factors such as the variety of tasks, a unique approach to the assessment process, and working with modern technological tools

PRACTICAL DEVELOPMENT AND PRACTICE OF THE INTERACTIVE TEACHING MODEL IN LITERATURE LESSONS

2025-08-07T09:47:38+05:00

This article discusses the importance of using interactive teaching models in literature classes, effective application methods during lessons, and practical outcomes. It highlights the differences between interactive and extractive teaching models. From this perspective, the article analyses how today’s literature lessons can interpret stories through modern approaches. Using the multisensory teaching methods, the analysis process of Jack London’s story “Love of Life” is reviewed. Measures to apply these methods in today’s educational process are discussed. The students’ interest in analysis, understanding of literary theory, and ability to analyse artistic texts based on their knowledge and life experiences are also reflected upon

APPROACHES TO SHAPING COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGY

2025-08-07T17:59:08+05:00

This article provides information on the importance of using collaborative learning technology in mother tongue classes. Also, recommendations on which approaches should be relied on in the exercises and tasks created for the formation of this technology in students are indicated. Based on the content of each approach, some assignments are analyzed.

SHADOW GAMES IN TURKISH ANLATI TRADITION: KARAGÖZ

2025-08-07T19:35:56+05:00

This article thoroughly examines shadow plays, which hold a significant place in Turkish narrative tradition, focusing particularly on Karagöz. It explores the origins and historical development of the play within the Ottoman Empire, its structural features consisting of four sections (prologue, dialogue, main act, conclusion), and a rich cast of characters reflecting the cosmopolitan nature of Ottoman society. The performance aspects of Karagöz are highlighted — including the versatile skills of the puppeteer (Hayalî), figure-making techniques, the aesthetic and symbolic importance of the screen and lighting, and the indispensable role of music. The article analyzes the humor, potential for social criticism, and cultural reflections found in the plays. By comparing Karagöz with other Turkish narrative forms such as Ortaoyunu and Meddahlık, the article defines its unique position. In conclusion, it emphasizes that Karagöz is not merely entertainment but a dynamic cultural mirror, an essential part of social memory, whose universal value is confirmed by its inclusion in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List.

COMMON DEFINITION IN PHRASEOLOGISMS IN UZBEKISTAN AND KAZAKH LANGUAGES: ETHNOLINGUISTICAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2025-08-08T10:37:20+05:00

This article explores the shared worldview, historical and cultural unity, and ethnolinguistic similarities of Turkic peoples based on phraseological units in the Kazakh and Uzbek languages. Through fixed expressions, the way of life, behavioral norms, educational values, and spiritual identity of the peoples are reflected. By providing comparative examples, the author reveals the ethnocultural significance of these phraseological expressions.

INNOVATIVE AND PSYCHO-PEDAGOGICAL BASIS OF TEACHING EXAMPLES OF FOLK ORAL CREATIVITY

2025-08-01T11:40:49+05:00

This article analyzes modern, innovative approaches in the process of studying and teaching folk oral works. The importance of interactive methods, the use of technologies, an individual approach and psychological support is revealed. The role of the teacher in developing speech using folk oral works, strategies for increasing the effectiveness of the lesson and ways to ensure student activity are highlighted. The research methodology is enriched with practical examples. Creative thinking is the ability of a person to put forward new, unusual, effective ideas based on existing knowledge and experience. Riddles, proverbs and sayings develop children's figurative thinking, speech richness, independent research and logical conclusions. Riddles develop figurative thinking and the ability to guess, proverbs develop moral awareness and life experience, and sayings develop pronunciation, memorization and attention.

DIFFERENT AND SIMILAR FEATURES OF A TERM, WORD, WORD

2025-08-05T16:30:19+05:00

This article is devoted to the problem of the frequent use of terms and words as synonyms, but their differences in content. The purpose of the article is to solve this problem, to study the role of these concepts in linguistics and the scientific approaches given to them, to determine their accuracy and to identify their distinctive features through practical analysis. It is also proposed to highlight the use of terms in scientific and technical fields as units expressing a clear and stable meaning, the differences in content of terms and expressions, and the connection of words with universal language units

LANGUAGE UNITS SHOWING HER LANGUAGE CAPABILITIES

2025-08-06T10:49:24+05:00

This article provides some information about the types of figurative language devices, their specific characteristics, and their importance in linguistics and literary studies. It also discusses in detail the use of figurative language in the communication process, their differences from each other, and the study of figurative language devices by linguists around the world.

ALEXANDR BOROVKOV AS ALISHER NAVOIY RESEARCHER

2025-08-06T12:24:49+05:00

Uzbek classical literature has a long history. For several centuries, samples of Oriental literature have been the object of scientific research. In particular, the personality of poet and philosopher Alisher Navoi attracts the attention of world-class scientists. There is always a demand for research on the creator and his creations. In particular, Russian literary critics actively conducted scientific research in this area. The article examines the scientific articles of the turkologist Alexander Konstantinovich Borovkov

NATIONAL IDENTITY OF AZERBAIJAN CULINARY CULTURE (or ethnocultural characteristic)

2025-08-06T14:35:22+05:00

The national identity and belonging of each nation are reflected in the national material and spiritual values, customs and traditions, lifestyle, and philosophy of outlook on life that they have created and preserved over the centuries, passing through the tests of history. The Azerbaijani people, with their ancient and rich culture, have made invaluable contributions to human culture, and the unfading charm of our national spiritual values has always kept people under their spell. Tracing this process, which has reached the level of a cult in the thinking and philosophy of outlook on life of the Azerbaijani people, with their ancient and rich culture throughout history, is an important factor in confirming the national identity and identity of the Azerbaijani people. The study of the Azerbaijani culinary culture, which has reached the level of a cult, in the context of Western Azerbaijan should be accepted as an indicator that the ancient and ancient population of Western Azerbaijan, its national and spiritual values, customs and traditions, lifestyle, and philosophy of outlook on life generally belong to Azerbaijan.

DEVELOPMENT OF LISTENING COMPREHENSION COMPETENCE IN TEACHING UZBEKISTAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (IN THE EXAMPLE OF LEVELS A1 AND A2)

2025-08-06T16:12:06+05:00

This article discusses the development of listening comprehension skills in teaching Uzbek as a foreign language. It should be noted that working on listening comprehension skills in language learning, delivering the content and essence of the competencies presented by the teacher to students, allows for the gradual development of listening comprehension. Specific methods for developing listening comprehension skills in learning the Uzbek language were studied throughout the article, and examples of A1 and A2 levels were given as examples in accordance with the chosen method. The gradual study of specific forms at the given level is a factor that allows one to become a specialist in the field of learning the Uzbek language.

"A SON OF AZERBAIJAN, THE UZBEKISTAN POET" A REVIEW OF THE WORK OF MAQSUD SHEYKHZADE

2025-08-06T17:23:07+05:00

Magsud Sheikhzade, originally from Azerbaijan, was known in the history of Uzbek culture of the XX century as a poet, playwright, literary critic and linguist, as a translator, folklorist and publicist who translated the works of world classics into Uzbek. In 1928, by order of the Imperial ideologists, he was exiled from the Caucasus for three years. He was not a supporter and propagandist of Soviet power. That is why in 1928 the young poet was sent from Dagestan to Tashkent, Uzbekistan. A completely new period of his life begins in this city. M., who soon became familiar with the secrets of the Uzbek language.Since 1928, sheikhzade began to regularly appear in the press with poems and articles written in Uzbek. He works on a par with artists who will become classics of Uzbek literature of the twentieth century and takes his rightful place. Magsud Sheikhzade's poetry was born on the strings of sublime love, human relations, friendship, exhilarating feelings and higher feelings. His poems are not only simple and at the same time deeply meaningful, but also reflect various aspects of society, man and nature. Magsud Sheikhzade's poetry is mainly associated with various difficulties of life, the inner struggle of man, love for nature and Homeland. In the works of the poet, the spiritual world of Man and society is one of the main themes. One of the most encountered motives in his poems is the struggle of a person with his inner world. Sheikhzade also widely expressed his special love for nature and thoughts that made him think about his place in human life.

CONTENT OF WORKING WITH LEARNING PROJECTS IN 8TH GRADE MOTHER LANGUAGE LESSONS

2025-08-07T10:48:54+05:00

This thesis presents a sample educational project that can be implemented in 8th grade mother tongue lessons. It outlines the project's summary, objectives and tasks, as well as its classification. A step-by-step guide for organizing students' project-based learning activities based on this project is also provided

USING PHOTO MATERIALS IN TEACHING THE MOTHER LANGUAGE

2025-08-07T18:33:58+05:00

This article analyzes the significance of using photo materials in the process of teaching the native language, their impact on lesson effectiveness, and their role in shaping students' knowledge and language skills. Visual aids enhance learners’ logical thinking, imagination, and memory retention. Photo materials, in particular, serve as an effective tool for simplifying complex grammar topics, enriching vocabulary, and developing speech culture. The article also provides examples from real classroom practice and offers methodological recommendations for teachers.

MUSTAY KARIM: HARMONY OF PERSONALITY AND CREATIVITY

2025-08-08T08:59:39+05:00

The great talents and thinkers of each nation have a special influence and place in the formation and development of the spirituality of each people and nation. There are such creative people who, with their works, lay the foundation for the socio-political life of society and national progress. They become the basis for the progress of national literature.

LANGUAGE POLICY AND EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

2025-08-08T11:13:01+05:00

The article is devoted to language policy and education in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main directions of language policy and education in the Republic of Bashkortostan are defined, as well as tools, mechanisms, performance indicators and expected results of its implementation. It is noted that language policy is an integral part of the domestic and foreign policy of any state. It should be carried out consistently, within a single conceptual framework, and aimed at protecting the linguistic rights of citizens and at supporting and preserving linguistic diversity. It has been established that according to the Constitution, the Laws of the Republic of Bashkortostan "On Education", "On the languages of the peoples of the Republic of Bashkortostan", the education system in schools and universities is focused on creating a rich ethno-cultural environment, forming spiritual and moral values in the minds of students and students, education based on the principles of tolerance, arousing interest in the dialogue of languages and cultures. It is proved that all conditions have been created in the Republic of Bashkortostan for the development of a harmonious language policy that ensures the full-scale functioning of the state and native languages as the most important factor in strengthening national unity while preserving the languages of all ethnic groups.

THE IDEAL PERSON IN ABAY'S WORKS: PERFECT PERSON IN THE AXES OF MORALITY, KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWLEDGE

2025-08-05T14:17:19+05:00

This study examines how the concept of the Insan al-Kamil (Perfected Human), rooted in both philosophical and Sufi traditions, is reflected in the works of the Kazakh thinker Abay Kunanbayev. The process begins by exploring the relationship between the concept of logos in Ancient Greek philosophy and the understanding of Insan al-Kamil in Sufi thought, which was later enriched through the contributions of Islamic philosophers. After presenting the historical development of this concept, the article analyzes the perspectives on individual and social morality in Abay’s Book of Words (Kara Sözler). The connections between moral integrity, the struggle against ignorance, the notions of balance and moderation, and the inner maturity of the individual are evaluated through the lens of the Insan al-Kamil. In Abay’s intellectual framework, the model of the mature human being presents a universal moral structure that resonates with Sufi tradition

METHODOLOGY FOR TEACHING STORY EXAMPLES GIVEN IN TEXTBOOKS

2025-08-06T09:11:24+05:00

This article discusses the teaching methodology of works of the narrative genre included in textbooks. In modern education, the choice of methods that meet the requirements of the time in teaching stories not only ensures the quality of the lesson process, but also allows students to be fully involved in this process. Paying special attention to every detail when explaining stories to students, creating conditions for their full understanding of the content of the story, as well as ensuring the connection between modern methodology and the lesson are important tasks facing every teacher. It should also be noted that choosing a specific methodological approach in teaching stories given in textbooks makes it possible to reveal the structural features of stories. It should be noted that in an era of developing technology, the ability to involve these tools in teaching stories also indicates the pedagogical skills of the teacher.

FORMING COGNITIVE SKILLS IN STUDENTS

2025-08-06T11:24:47+05:00

This article describes in detail the importance of exercises and tasks in increasing students' cognitive activity in the lesson process, their impact on student activity. Recommendations are given in detail on the preparation and practical application of the lesson process based on such types as modeled (sample) exercises, cognitive exercises, and demonstration exercises aimed at forming the cognitive competence of learners in native language education

USE OF INTERACTIVE PROGRAMS AND MULTIMEDIA TOOLS IN TEACHING THE MOTHER LANGUAGE

2025-08-06T13:43:38+05:00

In the article, the importance of multimedia tools and interactive programs in teaching the native language, their influence in the lesson structure and the level of efficiency is reflected in the textbook “Native language” of the 10th grade “What Is Love?"was brought to light by teaching the topic of discourse. Theoretical and practical knowledge of the application of artificial intelligence and multimedia tools to science, their benefits in the field of education, their degrees of opportunity are also reflected in how to use them in the educational process.

THE CONCEPT OF COLLECTIVE AWARENESS AND UNITY FROM KAZAKH AND UZBEK PROVERBS

2025-08-06T15:09:01+05:00

This study examines the concept of unity and its relationship with collective consciousness through proverbs, which are one of the main elements of oral expression in the folk cultures of Kazakh and Uzbek communities. Proverbs are important carriers of folkloric memory, reflecting not only individual experiences but also the common values and beliefs of communities. In the comparative analyses of Kazakh and Uzbek proverbs, it is determined that the concept of unity, integrated with various values, performs an important function in keeping the society together and making it permanent. The study shows how the concept of unity is embedded in the collective memory through proverbs not only as a moral value but also as a form of consciousness that protects, strengthens and adds continuity to the social order. In this context, the study emphasises the unifying power of proverbs and draws attention to the continuity of common cultural values in the Turkic world.

USING STEP-BY-STEP TASKS IN TEACHING SYNTAX

2025-08-06T16:41:32+05:00

This article discusses the methodological foundations of using step-by-step tasks in teaching students about syntax. The importance of a step-by-step approach in mastering the theoretical aspects of syntax and in the formation of practical skills is analyzed. Also, sample tasks for practical lessons are proposed. The article justifies the methodology of using step-by-step tasks based on Bloom's taxonomy as a modern and effective method of teaching the syntax section. Also, syntax, especially such topics as complex sentences, subordinate clauses, and the system of conjunctions, is difficult for students to understand, is rich in abstract concepts, and requires a deep analysis of the relationship between language units. This requires a simple, logical, and step-by-step explanation by the teacher. Step-by-step tasks help to solve these problems.

EXPLANATION OF THE NATIONAL VALUES OF THE TURKISH PEOPLE

2025-08-07T09:40:33+05:00

This article covers the cultural and educational heritage of the Turkic peoples, the interaction of ancient tribes, the perceptions of the Turkic peoples about their ancient homelands, the work carried out to develop tourism, their economic and social interests, and the traditional declaration by the Organization of Turkic States of the cities of its member states as the Turkic World Cultural Capitals

INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN LANGUAGE TEACHING: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS, METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS

2025-08-07T11:18:41+05:00

This article analyzes the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies into the language learning process. The role of AI tools in language learning, pedagogical models developed on the basis of modern technologies, and ways of forming language competencies through the use of AI tools are considered. The article also provides practical recommendations based on the experimental research conducted.

CHOVKAN GAME

2025-08-07T19:29:09+05:00

The game of Chovgan represents an integral part of Azerbaijan’s ancient cultural heritage, distinguished by its rich socio-cultural and athletic dimensions. As a traditional equestrian team sport, Chovgan originated in the medieval period, serving initially as a training ground for cavalry and martial skills, before evolving into a widely practiced and celebrated folk game. This article explores the historical roots of Chovgan, drawing on ethnographic and archaeological sources, and examines its classical and contemporary forms, rules, equipment, and the profile of its participants. Particular emphasis is placed on the symbolic significance of Chovgan in Azerbaijani culture, where it functions as a means of expressing national identity. The article also highlights the importance of its recognition by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage and evaluates current efforts aimed at revitalizing, promoting, and internationalizing this traditional game. Chovgan is presented not merely as a relic of the past, but as a dynamic element of contemporary cultural policy and cultural diplomacy. This study ultimately argues that Chovgan is both a sport and a living cultural legacy.

SUMMER CAMPS AS A SPACE FOR ETHNOLINGUISTIC SOCIALIZATION OF CHILDREN: THE EXPERIENCE OF BASHKORTOSTAN

2025-08-08T10:30:18+05:00

The article examines mechanisms for preserving traditional cultures and social integration in a multi-ethnic society using the Republic of Bashkortostan as a case study. By analyzing four educational cases—summer camps "Yaylau," "SaleT-Tulpar," "Ustochikar," and "Hilton" — the study reveals the role of ethnocultural practices, language immersion, and folk crafts in shaping a multicultural identity among adolescents. The camps demonstrate three integration strategies: ethno-linguistic immersion (recreating traditional lifestyles), communicative intensification (modeling a foreign language environment), and creative acculturation (cultural mastery through art). The research highlights that combining regulatory measures, educational programs, and informal interactions strengthens interethnic dialogue, reduces language barriers, and enhances social stability. However, long-term project success requires systemic support, including specialized educational courses, expanded funding for interregional initiatives, and monitoring participants' language proficiency. The findings confirm that cultural heritage is a key resource for social integration, with Bashkortostan’s models adaptable to other multi-ethnic regions. Keywords: traditional cultures, social integration, ethnocultural identity, language camps, folk crafts, multilingual education, multiethnic society, Bashkortostan.

ZAHIRIDDIN MUHAMMAD BABUR - PROMOTER OF TURKISH CULTURE

2025-08-01T10:48:06+05:00

Babur Mirza, a man of high intelligence and unbending willpower, left a bright mark on the history of world statehood not only as a great emperor, but also as a sensitive poet and scholar. For five centuries, the information contained in his work "Baburnama" has served as an invaluable source for research into the history of Central Asia, Afghanistan, India, as well as the culture of these countries. The topographic and geographical information in it, the fauna, flora, lifestyle and traditions of peoples, and the national values are interesting conclusions that show how meticulous and deep Babur was. That is why historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, art historians, botanists, zoologists, linguists and representatives of many other scientific fields have repeatedly turned to "Baburnama" in their research. This is also the reason why Babur's works have been translated into several languages.

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING ORAL SPEECH OF 10TH GRADE STUDENTS

2025-08-05T15:58:22+05:00

In the article, the issue of oral speech development of 10th graders is covered as a social necessity. Theoretical foundations of students' oral speech development, modern educational methods, as well as methods of speech activation through exercises and tasks were studied in the work. At the same time, the current state of the speech development process was studied based on observations. The article is enriched with scientific-theoretical and methodological recommendations that can be practically applied to the educational process of general education schools.

FRIENDS OF THE PEOPLE FRIENDSHIP INTERPRETATION OF ALISHER NAVOIY AND HUSSAIN BOYGARO

2025-08-06T10:42:56+05:00

The study of the artistic talent, poetry and literary heritage of individuals who lived and worked in history is one of the important tasks of textual studies, literary source studies, literary studies. There is a need to study the common aspects of the figures of Husayn Boykaro and Alisher Navoi, who contributed to the development of science and art, culture and enlightenment in their time, and to observe the issue of the creation of the image of these two people in folk oral literature. Observing the artistic interpretation of the image of Navoi and Husayn Boykaro in folk oral literature, in particular, in legends, myths, fairy tales and proverbs, from a scientific perspective serves to fill the gaps in literary studies. The study of the personalities and friendship of Navoi and Husayn, who became beloved heroes among the people, shows that these two individuals consistently worked for the welfare of the people and the country. The people of Khorasan, who were educated, literate and artistic, gathered together and created all the conditions. As a result, their qualities were passed down from mouth to mouth and turned into heroic epics. The article examines the issues of great friendship, loyalty and love for the homeland in the realm of legends through the figures of Navoi and Husayn Boykara.

LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE TEACHING OF LINGUISTICS ESPECIALLY THE ROLE IN THE PROCESS

2025-08-06T12:17:48+05:00

In the process of building the New Uzbekistan, it is essential not only to approach the study of the national language and national literature from a theoretical and methodological standpoint but also from a practical perspective. Therefore, this article discusses the importance of providing students with comprehensive information about the national language and literature when teaching Uzbek as a second language. The aim is to foster respect for the language, a desire to learn it, and aesthetic appreciation among youth. The article emphasizes the significant role of the national language and literature in shaping young people’s consciousness and awakening in them a sense of love and respect for our spiritual heritage, which was of great value to our ancestors

CONSIDERATIONS ON CONDUCTING OUT-OF-CLASS READING ACTIVITIES IN 6TH-GRADE LITERATURE LESSONS

2025-08-06T14:10:42+05:00

One of the important topics in literature lessons in secondary schools is the topic of extracurricular reading. Meaningful and effective presentation of lessons on this topic depends on the skill of the literature teacher. The article provides recommendations for conducting extracurricular reading classes in literature lessons in the 6th grade. The names of the works of art for extracurricular reading and their summary are also listed

MODERN VIEWS FROM THE ANALYSIS OF CLASSICAL PROSE WORKS

2025-08-06T16:04:49+05:00

This article highlights the methodological innovations and approaches emerging in the process of teaching and analyzing classical prose works in the context of modern education, as well as the connection between historical experiences and modern educational requirements. Basically, the “algorithm of working with classical texts”, contextual and interpretative approaches, and the expression of madrasa methods in modern education are analyzed.

USING ANIMATIONS IN MOTHER LANGUAGE LESSONS

2025-08-06T17:16:58+05:00

The article discusses the views of current researchers and scientists on the correct and effective use of animation in lessons, the use of animation in native language lessons in general secondary schools and its connection with life skills, the advantages of using animation and how it is convenient for the teacher. In addition, the detailed analysis of the use of animation in native lessons for 5th grade students in school education and the 4K approach to education are briefly reflected

TEACHING THE EPISTLE OF "KHAMSA" AT THE STAGES OF GENERAL EDUCATION

2025-08-07T10:41:38+05:00

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and practical dimensions of teaching Alisher Navoi’s Khamsa in general education institutions. It outlines a stage-based model of instruction aligned with students’ age and cognitive development, integrating modern pedagogical strategies with interactive and interdisciplinary teaching methods. The author emphasizes how Khamsa contributes to cultivating literary thinking, ethical character, national identity, and respect for cultural and historical heritage. By analyzing poems such as Farhod and Shirin, Layli and Majnun, and Saddi Iskandariy, the article explores their educational, philosophical, and psychological value. The proposed teaching approaches demonstrate how these works can be used to foster critical thinking, moral development, and self-awareness among students at different stages of their academic journey.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING THE STATE LANGUAGE (TOJIC LANGUAGE SCHOOLS IN MISOL)

2025-08-07T18:27:46+05:00

This article examines the basic principles and approaches to teaching Uzbek as a state language, the current situation of students in Tajik-language schools in our country, the problem of bilingualism among them, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the functional-communicative approach using Tajik-language schools as an example

NEW POETIC TRENDS IN CONTEMPORARY IRAQI-TURKMEN LITERATURE

2025-08-07T19:53:25+05:00

Despite its deep-rooted past, rich historical and cultural heritage left in the country, customs and traditions that still survive today, folklore and folk music, the Turkmen community that has existed in Iraq for centuries is consciously or unconsciously ignored, and attempts are made to ignore its existence. The Turkmens, who have been living under severe oppression in Iraq for years, have preserved their national identity, language and culture despite the genocide, assimilation and adverse conditions they have been subjected to. The Turkmens have continued their struggle to obtain their rights to this day. The Turkmens who have not rebelled against the state to this day have not taken up arms or rebelled against the government, but on the contrary, have had a democratic, peace-loving, civil, urban culture and have always been loyal to the state. The Turkmens, who play an important role in the development and rise of Iraq, constitute the third main component of the country in terms of population potential. The Turkmen, whose only desire is to live humanely in their own land, are struggling to survive and continue their national existence amidst two separate threats from the north and the south. The Turkmen community, which supports the territorial integrity of Iraq, is a pluralist parliamentarian, respects human rights, and desires to achieve its political, administrative, and cultural rights. The Turkmen community, deprived of all kinds of political, social, cultural, economic, and diplomatic support, has unfortunately been subjected to unjust oppression and oppression by the Iraqi leadership. In the north of the country, which is called the Security Zone, the Turkmen have faced treatment no different from that of the Baghdad leadership.

DEVELOPING STUDENTS' CREATIVE COMPETENCE THROUGH ANALYSIS OF ARTISTIC TEXT

2025-08-08T11:06:24+05:00

As the impact of globalization increases, the formation of creativity in the educational sphere of future members of society will acquire a universal phenomenal character. This article presents ideas and recommendations aimed at developing the creative skills of young schoolchildren through reading fiction in their native language and reading literacy classes

THE ROLE OF MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS IN TEACHING FAIRY TALES

2025-08-05T14:09:06+05:00

Multimedia technologies play an important role in the modern educational process. This study examines the effectiveness of using multimedia applications in teaching fairy tales. The results of the study showed that multimedia elements increase student activity, improve comprehension, and provide interactive learning. The study, conducted with the participation of 100 primary school students and 10 teachers, revealed that students’ interest and knowledge level increased significantly in lessons where multimedia applications were used.This emphasizes the need for a wider use of multimedia technologies in the educational process in the future

CLASSIFICATION OF SOME PROVERBS IN MAHMUD KASHGARI'S "DIVONU LUGATI-T-TURK"

2025-08-06T09:05:04+05:00

The article presents thoughts on the content and significance of proverbs from Mahmud Kashgari's work “Divan Lugat-it-Turk” The work features more than 300 proverbs that are classified according to their meanings. Through these proverbs, the external world and life phenomena are revealed. The article also analyzes some unique poetic characteristics of the proverbs.

THE PROCESS OF IDEOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE IN ABDULLA KAHHAR'S STORY NAMED MAHALLE

2025-08-06T11:19:46+05:00

Literary texts are not only aesthetic representations of individual experiences but also structures in which social ideologies are reproduced, internalized, or rendered invisible. In this context, literature provides a space where the ideological relationship between the individual and society can be traced both in terms of content and form. This study aims to analyze Mahalla, a short story by Abdulla Kahhar—one of the leading realist writers of Soviet-era Uzbek literature—within the framework of L. Althusser's theory of ideology.
In the story, the transformation of Grandpa Hikmat, who becomes socially disengaged after the death of his wife, lies at the center. The narrative reveals how the individual becomes an ideological subject through collective needs and everyday practices. Grandpa Hikmat’s initial passivity, his interactions with the neighborhood community, his contact with official institutions, and finally his decision to relinquish the grave he had prepared for himself symbolize his evolution into an active subject contributing to the reproduction of socialist society.
The narrative also allows for an examination of the individual's relationship with the state's ideological apparatuses. Institutions such as the family, school, neighborhood, and the press are shown to direct individuals into specific social roles and behavioral patterns under the guise of voluntariness. In this regard, Mahalla stands as an exemplary narrative that makes visible the operation of ideology upon the individual at both the thematic and structural levels.

LEVELS OF WORD ACQUISITION OF FOREIGN STUDENTS IN UZBEK LANGUAGE

2025-08-06T12:42:22+05:00

Language acquisition plays a vital role in the development of human cognition and intercultural communication. One of the major challenges in learning any foreign language is building a sufficient vocabulary and applying it effectively in practice. In this process, mastering lexical units is considered one of the essential stages. For foreign students learning Uzbek, vocabulary development requires not only the acquisition of grammatical knowledge but also the ability to choose and use words correctly in communication. In higher educational institutions of Uzbekistan, the process of effective vocabulary acquisition for international students is organized based on the integration of psycholinguistic, methodological, and pedagogical approaches. This article proposes a four-stage model of vocabulary acquisition in Uzbek for foreign learners: familiarization, comprehension, reinforcement, and automatization. At each stage, it is crucial to take into account various linguistic and psycholinguistic factors.

THE IMPORTANCE OF A PRAGMATIC APPROACH IN LANGUAGE TEACHING

2025-08-06T15:00:03+05:00

This article analyzes the topic of the pragmatic approach to language education. It considers the importance of the pragmatic approach in the process of language education, its theoretical foundations and application in practice. The article suggests problems and solutions related to the development of communicative skills in the process of language learning, language learning in a cultural context and modern requirements of linguistics. The pragmatic approach mainly ensures that contextual information is taken into account in the process of teaching and learning a language, integrating language knowledge and experience

ON THE LANGUAGE DISASTER IN “ARBAIN” AND “NAZM UL-JAWAHIR”: ON WISDOM AND HADITHS

2025-08-06T16:31:19+05:00

Language is a great blessing granted to humans by Allah. Although it may seem like a small phenomenon, both the worship and disobedience performed through it carry immense significance. Humans perceive the events around them and communicate about them through language. Knowledge, science, reflection, and spirituality all manifest through language. This article analyzes the works of the great philosopher Alisher Navoi, specifically "Nazm ul-Javohir" and "Arbain," with a focus on the theme of language faults. The analysis is conducted using a comparative-typological method.

ON THE RESEARCH OF THE UZBEKISTAN AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES

2025-08-07T09:34:19+05:00

Speech is one of the most important means of communication, helping us to attract the attention of interlocutors, express our thoughts, feelings and interact. Communication tools play an important role in the communication process. By means of address we mean verbal and non-verbal means aimed at the interlocutor or audience, performing such functions as attracting their attention, showing respect and establishing social status. This article examines the level of study of means of address in linguistics, and discusses the relevance of anthropocentric study of means of address in the Uzbek and Russian languages

INTERIOR PICTURE IN AHMAD A'ZAMNING'S "RO'YO YOKHUD GULISTONG SAFAR"

2025-08-07T11:12:37+05:00

This study examined the role of the interior image in literary works, that is, the habitat of the hero and artistic means that help clarify his inner state of mind. The image of the interior, rather than as a decorative tool, serves to express the inner world of the hero, the social environment that influenced him. Specifically in this study, using the example of Ahmad Azam's work “A Dream or a journey to the land of Chains”, the symbolic meaning of the interior was discussed, as well as its significance for denoting the character of the characters and the ideological position of the author. The study sheds light on how the interior and its symbolic symbols are used in a literary context, how they relate to the overall content and philosophical idea of the work. Artistic writing shows the importance of the interior and its connection with the inner state of a person, through which the author interprets inner human searches such as loneliness and disappointment.

THE STUDY OF "MAJOLIS" IN UZBEKISTAN

2025-08-07T18:51:24+05:00

This article will talk about the study of Tazkiras in the Journal “Uzbek language and literature”. The scientists who carried out the study will be studied according to the order. From the founding of the magazine to the present day, an attempt has been made to compile a chrnology of articles written in the history of our classical literature. The effective work of scientists in the studied tazkira is recognized. The role of the studied Tazkira in Uzbek classical literature is discussed.

THE ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION OF THE KHANALIK PERIOD IN THE WORKS OF ABDULLA QADIRI "PAST DAYS" AND "BROKEN SWORD" BY TOLOGAN KASIMBEKOV

2025-08-08T09:48:26+05:00

In the article, the causes of the crisis of the Kokan Khanate in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, as well as the coverage of the historical events of the conquest of Turkestan by the Russian Empire in the works of Abdulla Qadiri’s ” Days gone by” and Tolagan Kasimbekov's "Broken Sword" were analyzed. These two works are similar in terms of theme, genre, relation to the historical process, depiction of historical figures, domestic conflicts and the Russian invasion are depicted on the basis of true historical facts. In the article, it was interpreted that the historical realities of the two works turned into a political weapon for personal interests, not the development of the country, in the struggle for the throne, Muslulmankul’s tyranny, "Kipchak massacre

MISCONCEPTIONS IN ESSAY WRITING AND HOW TO WORK ON THEM

2025-08-05T15:46:06+05:00

This thesis discusses the most common mistakes made by students when writing essays and their analysis, also recommendations for eliminating them.

USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN SCHOOL EDUCATION

2025-08-06T10:36:38+05:00

This article analyzes the pedagogical foundations of the formation of skills in the use of digital educational technologies in school education. Teaching and explaining a work of art on the basis of digital educational technologies opens up a number of opportunities for the teacher. In particular, it saves time, encourages students to think creatively and independently, and creates projects. The article discusses new educational technologies that are entering our education system today and the specifics of their use. The article provides recommendations for the effective development of skills in the use of digital educational technologies in teachers and students

COMPARATIVE-LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF HYDRONYMIC UNITS IN THE AZERBAIJAN AND UZBEKISTAN LANGUAGES

2025-08-06T11:59:27+05:00

Hydronymic lexical units form a distinct group in both Azerbaijani and Uzbek Turkic languages, and these term-based expressions often attract attention due to their structural and semantic similarities. With the exception of occasional studies, the systematic and comprehensive comparison of such lexical units involved in the formation of names of water bodies in Azerbaijani and Uzbek onomastics has largely remained unaddressed. However, both related languages possess an ancient and rich hydronymic lexicon, and many of the terms denoting natural water bodies originated in the distant past. While the origin of words referring to natural water bodies (such as sea, river, lake, pond, etc.) dates back to ancient times, terms used for artificial water bodies (such as canal, irrigation ditch, reservoir, etc.) are of comparatively more recent origin. In Azerbaijani and Uzbek onomastics, hydronymic units of terminological character frequently combine with personal, tribal, lineage, or clan names and play an active role in the formation of diverse types of proper names, including hydronyms, toponyms, and oikonyms. This article discusses these aspects in detail.

INTERPRETATION OF HISTORICAL IMAGES IN THE WORK OF MUSAFFAR MIRZO

2025-08-06T13:59:39+05:00

This article aims to analyze the artistic interpretation of the figures of two great personalities—Husayn Bayqara and Alisher Navoi—in Uzbek literature. The events of Muzaffar Mirzo‘s novel "Sham va Shamshir" (Candle and Sword), which holds a distinctive place in Uzbek literature, are examined. The writer's skill in revealing the psychological depth of the characters is highlighted. The profound friendship between the great thinker and poet Alisher Navoi and the king and poet Husayn Bayqara, along with their mutual feelings, are analyzed. The article also discusses methods of classification used in studying historical figures. To portray the characters' inner world and convey to the reader that these historical figures were intelligent, perceptive, and wise, excerpts from the novel "Sham va Shamshir" are included. The work holds scientific and literary value not only for its artistic merit but also for its accurate depiction of historical facts.

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES IN TEACHING FAKRIYOR'S POETRY

2025-08-06T15:25:55+05:00

The article focused on the unique aspects of modern poetry. Especially Fakhriyor’s poetry. The advantages explaining Fakhriyor’s poetry of schoolchildren in a cognitive way through cases were discuss was also mentioned that the method of poetry enjoyment is a important for encouraging students’ thinking and critical thinking

COMMON AND DIFFERENTIAL ASPECTS OF THE NAMES OF UZBEKISTAN NATIONAL DISHES IN SHEVALI

2025-08-06T17:09:35+05:00

The population living in Uzbekistan speaks different dialects. We know that the Uzbek literary language is based on the Tashkent, Fergana and Andijan dialects. Speaking in different dialects is clearly reflected not only in the language, but also in the naming of national dishes and their methods of preparation. Although national dishes prepared in different regions and districts of Uzbekistan have the same composition, their names differ. These differences are closely related to folk oral creativity, historical development, cultural ties and the unique traditions of each region.

THE ISSUE OF USING LOGICAL THINKING IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM: PAST AND PRESENT

2025-08-07T10:00:51+05:00

The article highlights that logical thinking has always been crucial for human development and scientific progress, and has therefore been emphasized in educational processes across different parts of the world throughout various periods. The study of logical thinking is considered important from schools to higher education institutions, as students' success in various fields of knowledge largely depends on their logical approaches. The article references history, mentioning scholars who made significant contributions to the field of logic, such as Al-Farabi and Ibn Sina. It describes how classes in madrasas were organized based on the principles of logic, with students primarily learning to defend their views in debates. The article also discusses how countries currently implementing educational reforms are emphasizing logical thinking, and provides examples of how the integration of logical thinking with other aspects of cognition has intensified in modern education

BUILDING LINGUISTIC COMPETENCIES BASED ON A SYNERGIC APPROACH

2025-08-07T18:11:11+05:00

This article discusses the essense of the synergistic approach, the creteria for dividing students into small groups, the advantages of collaborative learning, and the methods of teaching linguistic knowledge in the lexicology section to 5th grade students based on the synergistic approach.

ABOUT ARCHAIC BASHKIR EPICS "URAL BATYR" AND "AKBUZAT"

2025-08-07T19:47:57+05:00

The article describes how the Bashkir epic "Ural Batyr" explains - by whom, when, where, from what and how the world (Donya) was created, how the first man appeared, and then the Bashkirs, who then populated the Ural Mountains.

NARRATIVE STRUCTURE IN TURKISH FOLK STORIES

2025-08-08T10:57:26+05:00

This article focuses on the narrative structure and themes of Turkish folk tales. Folk tales are rich narratives that intertwine elements of love, heroism, and mysticism, holding a special place in folk culture. The study outlines the sections of a folk tale: introduction, preliminary section, main story, and closing prayer, and examines the narrator types and narrative techniques. Additionally, it identifies character types, their functions, recurring motifs, and common themes (such as love, heroism, separation, loyalty, etc.). In conclusion, folk tales are considered significant narrative forms that reflect the social structure, values, and worldview of Turkish society

METHODS OF LEARNING BASE AND AFFIXES IN THE SEMANTIC COMPOSITION OF A WORD

2025-08-01T11:51:30+05:00

The article provides a deep analysis of the formal structure of the word, the semantic and logical possibilities of its suffixes, as well as its functional properties as a unit of speech. The methodology of revealing the meaning of the word and teaching it to schoolchildren, especially in native language lessons in the 5th grade, is considered from a linguistic and pedagogical point of view. In the context of the development of new Uzbekistan, improving the language learning process, developing students' skills in semantic analysis, independent thinking, and reasoned expression of their opinions are considered urgent tasks. For this purpose, the application of innovative methodological approaches in the educational process, such as “Table”, “Cluster”, “Adaptation”, their effectiveness and impact on students' cognitive activity is analyzed. The role of methodological approaches in expanding students' knowledge is also emphasized.

PROCESSING OF CONSONANTS IN THE QARAQALPAQ LANGUAGE

2025-08-06T08:57:01+05:00

One of the ancient Turkic peoples was the Karakalpak Turks. The Karakalpak language belongs to the Kipchak subgroup of the Turkic language family and is the official state language of the Karakalpak Autonomous Republic. The Karakalpak language is spoken by approximately 400,000 people. They live mainly in Uzbekistan. This language belongs to the Kipchak-Nogai branch, along with the Nogai, Kazakh and Karachay languages. Although it is lexically closer to the Kazakh language, it differs from them in terms of spelling. In general, all Turkic languages have preserved the linguistic features of the ancient Turkic languages, including their phonetic, lexical, morphological and syntactic structure. The Karakalpak written language begins with the establishment of Karakalpakstan (1925). The spoken language is very close to the Kazakh and Kyrgyz languages. The Karakalpaks used the Arabic alphabet in 1924-1928. In 1928, the Karakalpak alphabet was created and adopted based on the Latin script. The Karakalpak alphabet consisted of 32 letters, including 9 vowels and 23 consonants. Later, in 1932, under the influence of the Russians, they switched to the Cyrillic alphabet. Since 1996, the Latin-based Karakalpak alphabet has been adopted again. As in Azerbaijani Turkish, there are 23 consonants in Karakalpak Turkish, and during the formation of these consonants, various obstacles are encountered in the oral cavity of the air flow, some of which are formed based on noise, and some are formed on the basis of noise and voice. When we look at the processing of consonants in the Karakalpak language, we see that there is no complete unity in the classification of consonants (consonants) included in the phonetics of Turkic languages. The reason for this is that, since it was not possible to benefit from modern phonetic data provided by phonetic laboratories so far, it was carried out differently than it should have been.

FUNCTIONAL TYPE FROM MEMORY REPRESENTATION: THE TYPOLOGY TRANSFORMATION OF EMIR TIMUR IN FOLK-TALES IN TURKEY

2025-08-06T11:04:22+05:00

This study examines how Emir Timur is represented in Turkish oral narratives and aims to analyze the typological functions he assumes across different narrative forms. It is based on the assumption that Timur is not depicted as a fixed historical figure but as a transformable folk type shaped by contextual and ideological needs. The study analyzes three oral tradition texts—a folk poem titled Dâsitân-ı Sukût-ı Kars, a variant of a Nasreddin Hoca anecdote, and the didactic tale Timur and the Ant, presented in both prose and verse.
The analysis demonstrates that Timur is alternately represented as an “antagonistic force,” a “diminished authority,” or a “transformative hero.” Each narrative is evaluated through the lenses of Carl Gustav Jung‘s archetypal theory, Vladimir Propp’s narrative functions, Alan Dundes’ theory on the social function of humor, and Jan Assmann’s concept of cultural memory. Timur’s narrative proximity to or distance from the heroic center reveals how collective memory reshapes historical figures within the folk imagination. The study confirms its central hypothesis: Timur does not function as a monolithic historical figure in oral tradition but emerges as a flexible narrative construct, shaped by the functional and ideological demands of each storytelling context.

A CATEGORIZED AND STATISTICAL EXAMINATION OF RELIGIOUS TERMINOLOGY IN KUTADGU BILIG

2025-08-06T12:35:54+05:00

This article explores the religious lexicon found in Qutadg‘u Bilig, an 11th-century Turkic literary work written during the flourishing period of Islamic civilization in Central Asia. The study highlights the influence of Islamic culture on the vocabulary of the text, identifying approximately 600 terms of Islamic origin, with 400 Arabic and over 120 Persian loanwords. The analysis reveals that despite the strong Islamic influence, the text avoids direct Quranic citations and hadith references, instead incorporating religious concepts through paraphrased meanings.
A significant portion of the article is dedicated to categorizing 44 religious terms found in the text, classifying them into thematic groups such as worship and religious practices, theology and faith, halal and haram, eschatology, Islamic sources, symbolic religious terms, and religious rituals. A linguistic analysis of these terms demonstrates the interplay between Arabic, Turkic, and Persian languages, reflecting the historical and cultural integration of Islam within Turkic society.

THE FORMATION OF THE HERO IMAGE IN MODERN UZBEKISTAN CHILDREN'S LITERATURE

2025-08-06T14:47:56+05:00

This article analyzes the formation of the image of the hero in modern Uzbek children's literature. The main attention is paid to the work of Dilshod Rajab and Anvar Obidjon, studying their artistic and pedagogical approaches to creating children's heroes. The article highlights the spiritual experiences, symbolic images, and educational significance of the heroes.

DEVELOPING STUDENTS' REFLECTIVE SKILLS IN LITERARY EDUCATION AS A PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM

2025-08-06T16:23:15+05:00

In this article, students in literature classes in schools the practical and theoretical importance of the development of reflexive companies to this day is discussed. Reflection builds students' ability to analyze and evaluate their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The theoretical foundations of reflection, stages of development and methods of its development are described in detail in the article. Through reflection, students not only gain a deeper understanding of literary works, but also enrich their personal worldviews. This study serves as a guide for teachers to effectively use the possibilities of reflection in the process of literary education.

INNOVATIVE METHODS OF PREVENTING CRIME AMONG STUDENTS

2025-08-07T09:24:43+05:00

This article analyzes the incidence of delinquency among students, their causes, and the effectiveness of innovative approaches to preventing them. The lack of supervision of students means providing an opportunity for them to commit crimes. Therefore, there are a number of tasks to prevent students from committing crimes and preventing their criminal actions. In order to successfully fulfill these tasks, it is necessary to identify the root causes that lead to antisocial and illegal behavior of young people, and to identify and analyze methods and means of combating these causes. It is an urgent task to prevent young people, including young men and women studying in higher educational institutions of our country, from getting involved in delinquency, to identify such undesirable situations early and to develop pedagogical mechanisms to eliminate them.

METHODOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON TEACHING THE SUBJECT "LANGUAGE ORGANISH AND TIL OZLASHTIRISH" IN HIGHER EDUCATION

2025-08-07T11:01:04+05:00

This article analyzes the methods used in teaching the topic “Language Learning and Language Acquisition” which is one of the most important topics of the Fundamentals of Linguodidactics taught at the higher education level, based on andragogical and design-based lesson planning approaches. The introductory part of the lesson, post-lecture tasks, recommendations for the practical lesson, the assessment and reflection process are designed. The methodological, psychological, and scientific foundations of each stage are highlighted, and the effectiveness is theoretically substantiated

THE IMPORTANCE OF DIGITAL LITERACY IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALISATION

2025-08-07T18:43:50+05:00

In this article, the role of digital literacy skills in education and importance is highlighted. Digital literacy skills include the ability to search, sort, transfer, and evaluate information in addition to computer and Internet skills. In the course of globalization, many areas are developing, such as economy, medicine, education, etc. This paves the way for modern education to take the place of traditional education. Nowadays, it is becoming a demand for teachers to use modern methods instead of using traditional educational methods. In learning modern methods, it is important that pedagogues have digital literacy skills. In conclusion, the importance of digital literacy in the educational process is increasing significantly. This means that teachers and students need to have digital literacy skills. This article provides suggestions and recommendations for developing digital literacy skills

ON ONE APPROACH TO COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAMMATICAL FUNCTIONS OF CASE SUFFIXES IN THE UZBEK AND KYRGYZ LANGUAGES

2025-08-08T09:39:51+05:00

The relevance of the article is due to the need to describe the category of case in Turkic languages in accordance with the natural features of its grammatical structure and functioning, the importance of determining the essence and composition of cases in these languages, taking into account the specificity of the agglutinative structure of their morphology and the insufficiency of grounds for distinguishing the six-member paradigm in Turkic cases according to the Russian case model. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate, using the example of the Uzbek and Kyrgyz languages, the importance of recognizing the polynomial paradigm of cases to explain a number of common morphological phenomena of related languages and the significance of such an approach for the theory and practice of comparative morphology. The article proves the impossibility of transferring the Russian inflectional case model to the agglutinative structure of the Uzbek and Kyrgyz cases, distinguishes between primary and derivative cases in these languages, and substantiates the need to recognize a thirteen-member declension paradigm in them that objectively reflects their morphological structure. The article uses the methods of comparison, analogy, and juxtaposition. The results of the study can be useful for typological, comparative, and applied morphology.

TEACHING THE UZBEKISTAN LANGUAGE ON THE BASIS OF A DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH IN NON-PHILOLOGICAL DIRECTIONS

2025-08-05T15:35:50+05:00

This article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of teaching Uzbek in non-philological fields using a differentiated approach. It emphasizes the importance of considering students’ professional orientation, level of preparedness, and individual needs during language instruction. The paper analyzes both foreign and local scholarly views and highlights practical strategies such as flexible grouping, tiered assignments, and project-based learning. Special attention is given to the integration of the 4C model (creativity, critical thinking, communication, and collaboration) into language teaching. The study offers evidence-based recommendations for improving the effectiveness of Uzbek language instruction through differentiation, especially in professionally oriented educational settings. At the same time, the study identifies certain methodological and organizational challenges in implementing the differentiated approach and explores possible solutions to overcome them.

THE COURSE OF INTEREST TOWARDS INDEPENDENT TURKIC REPUBLICS IN GRADUATE THESIS WRITTEN IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION IN TURKEY (2000–2025): A LOOK AT CULTURAL INTEGRATION FROM AN ACADEMIC PERSPECTIVE

2025-08-06T09:24:46+05:00

Throughout history, the Turkic world has been united by a shared language, history, belief system, and cultural codes. Although political structures that developed in different geographies have at times disrupted these ties, relations—particularly with the newly independent Turkic republics—have been revitalized since the last quarter of the 20th century. This process of rapprochement, which initially began in the political and economic spheres, has continued in the fields of language, literature, and culture. Among the most strategic and sustainable areas of cooperation developed during this period has been education. The Republic of Türkiye, driven by both its historical responsibility and its role as a cultural leader, continues to strengthen its relations with the independent Turkic republics through education policies, cultural initiatives, and academic collaborations. These multilayered educational partnerships are reflected not only in practical implementation but also in academic output. The aim of this study is to identify the level of academic interest in the independent Turkic republics as reflected in postgraduate theses prepared in the field of education in the Republic of Türkiye between 2000 and 2025. The study is conducted using the document analysis method, a qualitative research approach. The findings will reveal the distribution and evolution over time of academic output in the field of education concerning the independent Turkic republics, as well as its relationship with the broader political and diplomatic context.

METHODS AND MEANS USED IN FORMING ACMEOLOGY IN HISTORY LESSONS

2025-08-06T11:49:37+05:00

Acmeological competence is a set of knowledge, skills and qualities that ensure a person reaches the peak of his personal development and reveals his maximum potential. The development of this competence ensures that the student knows himself better, succeeds in the educational process and is more effective in his life. The formation of acmeological competence in students in history lessons is an important aspect aimed at the intellectual, emotional and personal development of students in the educational process. Acmeology is a science that studies the peak of a person's professional and personal development, and in this regard, history lessons provide ample opportunities for the development of this competence. The formation of acmeological competence in history lessons does not only consist of transmitting historical information, but also serves the development of the student's personality, the development of critical thinking and self-management skills. For this purpose, various methods and tools are used. The correct methods and tools applied in history lessons help students not only memorize information, but also analyze it, evaluate it and develop as a person. This is the main goal of acmeological competence: to recognize the student's potential and realize it.

PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING INDEPENDENT WORD GROUPS ON THE BASIS OF GRAMMATICAL MINIMUM

2025-08-06T13:53:02+05:00

this article highlights the theoretical and practical aspects of teaching independent parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and numerals based on the grammatical minimum. It emphasizes the importance of clarity in explaining parts of speech, focusing on minimal grammatical features, understanding their functions in a sentence, and ensuring consistency. Additionally, it outlines the advantages of using age-appropriate methods, interactive approaches, and international practices. The article provides teachers with practical guidelines for delivering grammatical knowledge in an understandable, engaging, and effective manner

ANALYSIS OF THE WORK "THE HILL" BY RASHAD NURİ GUNTEKI

2025-08-06T15:19:34+05:00

Reshad Nuri Guntekin, one of the famous figures of the modern Turkish realist era, was born in 1889 in Istanbul to a military doctor's family. Reshad Nuri Guntekin, who began his career and developed his deep interest in literature, wrote many novels, stories and plays. In his works, he noted the human-environment relationship that speaks of the life of the Anatolian people and social problems. Reshad Nuri Guntekin's novel “Çalıkuşu” is one of the most beloved classic works of Turkish literature. The novel tells the story of Farida, the daughter of a family rooted in Istanbul, who, after being betrayed by her fiancé, devotes herself to the teaching profession and does not travel from city to city in Anatolia. The novel touches on many topics such as love, jealousy, women's rights and the struggle of bureaucracy. The background of Farida's adventure is reflected in the description of the last years of the Ottoman Empire. In addition to describing an emotional event, the work also reveals the social problems of the period in a controlled manner. In his work “Çalıkuşu”, Reshad Nuri expressed the educational problems of the time they lived in a literary way. This knowledge of education stems directly from his being a teacher himself. Thus, the image of Farida, who was not happy with love, is redirected to her life path towards teaching. Therefore, according to the course of the work, the readers' attention is more attracted to educational topics. After a certain point, they begin to be interested in the situation of Anatolia and the problems of teachers, in addition to the harm caused by Farida and Kamuran. The reason why the work “Çalıkuşu” attracts so much attention is that the problems that continue in the novel maintain their relevance today and the issues that are still developing in the Turkish education system and for which no solution has been found are brought to light here.

TERM – TERMINOLOGICAL UNIT

2025-08-06T17:02:39+05:00

This article explores the intrinsic relationship between language and society, focusing on the essence of terminology, its scientific criteria, and its distinction from general vocabulary. As language reflects the cognitive and scientific progress of society, terms act as conceptual tools of this development. The author analyzes the semantic, functional, and emotional differences between general words and terms, emphasizing terminological features such as precision, scientific clarity, logical consistency, and emotional neutrality. The paper also critically examines common cases of incorrect equivalence, including pairs like “metodika–uslubiyot,” “method–approach,” and “systema–tizim.” In particular, the forced replacement of the term systema with tizim is critically assessed. The article argues for the necessity of terminological clarity, consistency between concepts and terms in science, and a cautious approach to lexical replacements. This analytical perspective contributes to the development of scientific style and methodological precision in Uzbek linguistics

DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK

2025-08-07T09:51:17+05:00

This article explores the degrees of comparison of adjectives in English and Uzbek, highlighting their similarities and differences. Both languages feature three degrees: positive, comparative, and superlative. While English typically employs morphological changes and auxiliary words to express these degrees, Uzbek primarily uses suffixes to modify adjectives. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for language learners and educators, as it enhances comprehension and proficiency in both languages. The article aims to provide insights into the grammatical structures of adjectives and their comparative forms in English and Uzbek.

THEORETICAL BASIS OF FORMING SPEAKING SKILLS IN LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

2025-08-07T18:01:56+05:00

Speaking is widely recognized as one of the most complex skills in second language learning. Unlike receptive skills, speaking requires the simultaneous activation of linguistic, cognitive, and socio emotional resources. Despite the key role of oral communication, the mechanisms of speaking development have not been studied in depth. The ability to speak fluently and adequately depends on many interrelated factors: linguistic, cognitive, psychological, and sociocultural. In recent decades, important theoretical models have emerged to explain the nature of speaking, including Levelt’s speech production model, Swain’s output hypothesis, and Long‘s interaction hypothesis. The purpose of this article is to analyze the key theoretical approaches to the development of speaking skills in foreign language learners, with an emphasis on psycholinguistic mechanisms, influencing factors, and major models in the field of foreign language learning

КАРЫЛАРГА БОЛГОН МАМИЛЕНИН ЖОМОКТОРДО КАМТЫЛЫШЫ

2025-08-07T19:40:01+05:00

This article tells about the content of fairy tales of the attitude towards the elderly not only in Kyrgyz folk oral art, but also in folklore studies in general, about their genre nature, specificity, educational value.

THE PROBLEM OF THE "UNSPEAKABLE" IN THE DIARIES OF THE 1950S AND L. N. TOLSTOY'S "HISTORY OF YESTERDAY"

2025-08-08T10:47:58+05:00

The article investigates the diaries of 50-s and an unfinished literary sketch of Tolstoy's "The Story of Yesterday" which became a kind of creative laboratory for future epic works of the writer. The central problem is the verbalization of the inner world of a man. From the early creative experiences the writer tried to capture and embody the development of inner life, trying not only to guess the views and involuntary gestures, but also to reveal their secret impulses.

DEVELOPING SPELLING LITERACY THROUGH THE ASSOCIATIVE METHOD

2025-08-07T09:55:16+05:00

This article examines the role of the associative method in developing students' orthographic literacy, its psychological-pedagogical foundations, and practical applications. The process of creating associations between words, images, and events helps strengthen orthographic skills in students' written speech. The methodological foundations are based on the ideas of scholars such as John Locke, D. Hume, I.P. Pavlov, and L.S. Vygotsky. The article also presents methodological recommendations based on the educational views of Richards, Rodgers, and Brown. It includes effective assignments for orthographic exercises based on the associative method and ideas for its integration with interactive technologies. The experimental results show that this approach is useful for developing students independent thinking, memory, and attention. In conclusion, the associative approach is recognized as one of the important methods for a creative and individual approach to teaching orthography